患儿男，19个月，因“腹部持续剧烈疼痛伴腹泻16h”来诊。排粪共3次，开始为黏液状，

阅读下面的文字，完成（1）～（4）题。

　　乔布斯生于1955年2月24日。《乔布斯传》作者王咏刚说，小时候的乔布斯成绩不错，但绝对不是个听话的好孩子，他甚至因为调皮捣蛋而被学校勒令退学。“他还是个爱哭的、不合群的孩子，被同学戏弄后，会躲在角落里流泪。”2005年在斯坦福大学的一个毕业典礼上，乔布斯说，其生母是一名未婚在校研究生，养父母因为没有大学学历，差点失去抚养权，最后养父母承诺一定让乔布斯上大学，乔的生母才最终在收养文件上签字。

　　17岁那年，乔布斯进入里德大学学习。但一个学期后，他退学了。“我不知道自己想要在一生中做什么，也不知道大学能帮助我找到怎样的答案。但我几乎花光了我父母这一辈子的所有积蓄。”“我当时非常的害怕，但是现在回头看看，那的确是我有生以来做出的最棒的决定之一。我终于可以不必去选读那些令我提不起丝毫兴趣的课程了，我还可以去旁听那些有意思的课程。”退学后的那段时间，乔布斯吃尽苦头。为了旁听课程，他在同学宿舍地板上蹭地方睡觉；为了填饱肚子，去捡5美分的可乐瓶子卖；或者在星期天步行大约10公里，到一处教堂吃每周一次的免费餐。

　　这段时间，乔布斯旁听的一门书法课程让他受益一生。“我学会怎样在不同的字母组合之中改变空格的长度，怎样做出最棒的印刷式样。那是科学永远不能捕捉到的艺术精妙，那实在是妙不可言。”

　　在回忆这段经历时，乔布斯说，“你的时间有限，所以不要为别人而活。不要被教条所限，不要活在别人的观念里，不要让别人的意见左右自己内心的声音。最重要的是，勇敢地去追随自己的心灵和直觉，只有自己的心灵和直觉才知道你自己的真实想法，其他一切都是次要的。”

　　这也成为乔布斯一生的价值标准。

　　上个世纪70年代初，IBM和惠普等几家大公司统治着计算机市场，但这几个巨头都没有意识到微处理器的重要性，这给年轻的创业者留下机会。

　　1975年，大学没有毕业的比尔·盖茨和其中学好友保罗·艾伦开发出能在微型计算机上使用的BASIC语言。第二年，乔布斯和他的初中同学沃兹，在一个车库里，成功拼装了一台个人电脑AppleI。盖茨当时的想法是让每个人都有一台电脑，而乔布斯的想法是用电脑改变世界。在此后相当长一段时间里，他们既是亲密的朋友，又是最大的敌人。

　　AppleI的第一单生意，净赚8000美元。4个月后，AppleⅡ诞生，这是一台让电脑在家庭普及的机器，后来也成为PC行业的经典产品。1980年苹果电脑的销售从1978年的780万美元激增至1．17亿美元。当年苹果股票上市，25岁的乔布斯，一夜之间资产达到2．175亿美元，26岁时成为《时代周刊》封面人物。

　　创立苹果初期，乔布斯认为自己太年轻，需要一个成熟的人来掌管苹果。于是他费尽周折从百事公司请来约翰·斯卡利，担任苹果CEO。乔布斯煽动斯卡利的那句名言是“你是想卖一辈子糖水，还是跟着我们改变世界？”

　　乔布斯和斯卡利共同执掌苹果的那段时间，苹果创造了最棒的产品（第一部Mac）和最棒的广告（“1984”）。不过很快这段蜜月就结束了，斯卡利最著名的事迹就是把乔布斯赶出了苹果。“1985年，苹果内部的斗争非常激烈，乔布斯和斯卡利两个人之间的斗争也白热化。最后董事会站到斯卡利一边，乔布斯被放逐了。”王咏刚说，“斯卡利是个很优秀的职业经理人，从此后12年乔布斯的发展看，那时候的乔布斯确实不懂管理。”在旁观者看来，这并不是斯卡利的错，这时的乔布斯扮演着一个“暴君”的角色，脾气很坏，他的管理方式就是不停地刺激人，让员工不停地工作，赶紧把事情弄完。

　　乔布斯离开后，苹果公司几乎没有知名的产品面世。1993年苹果业绩滑向低谷，在此情况下，苹果董事会只好请乔布斯重返苹果。对乔布斯来说，这12年的放逐也不完全是坏事。用他自己的话来说，从苹果公司被炒是这辈子最好的事情，“有些时候，生活会拿起一块砖头在你的脑袋上猛拍一下。不要失去信心。我很清楚唯一使我一直走下去的，就是我做的事情令我无比钟爱”。

　　“乔布斯是一个普通人，我认为他最后能达到今天的成功是因为他在这个行业里坚持干了30年，不断摔倒，不断重新爬起来。他对外很自负，但是他内心一定在不断自省，不断善于总结和提升自己。”奇虎360董事长周鸿祎说。

　　2005年，苹果发布iPodMini替代品iPodNano；2006年，苹果推出网络电影下载服务；2007年，苹果推出iPhone和触摸屏Touch；2008年，苹果推出最薄的笔记本MacbookAir；2009年，苹果推出iPhone3GS、Nano5、Touch3；2010年，苹果推出iPad和iPhone4；按照计划，今年iPhone5将面世。

　　iPhone系列和iPad将苹果彻头彻尾地变成一个“宗教”。在“苹果教”教主乔布斯的眼里，没有什么是不可能的，因为活着就是为了改变世界。（选自2011年8月31日《济南日报》）

（1）下列对传记有关内容的分析和概括，最恰当的两项是（　　）

A．由于乔布斯对自己的身份十分自卑，所以他在上学时很不合群，经常被同学戏弄后独自哭泣。

B．盖茨让世界上每个人拥有一台电脑的愿望和乔布斯的理念相差甚远，因为乔布斯更强调电脑的作用，他要用电脑改变世界，两人的观念针锋相对。

C．乔布斯至今还对那段求学经历难以忘怀，因为退学后他可以选修他自己喜欢的科目了，这也为他以后的成功打下了坚实的基础。

D．乔布斯一生的价值标准是：在有限的时间里，做真实的自己，不后悔，敢于对世界说不，不要为别人而活，不要被教条所限，不要活在别人的观念里。

E．乔布斯其实不太懂管理。他取得成功的原因就是在自己钟爱的行业里坚持干了30年，不断摔倒，不断重新爬起来。

（2）促使乔布斯取得成功的主要原因有哪些？请简要分析。

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（3）乔布斯为什么认为自己从苹果公司被炒是这辈子最好的事情？请简要分析。

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（4）乔布斯说：“你的时间有限，所以不要为别人而活。不要被教条所限，不要活在别人的观念里，不要让别人的意见左右自己内心的声音。最重要的是，勇敢地去追随自己的心灵和直觉，只有自己的心灵和直觉才知道你自己的真实想法，其他一切都是次要的。”这段话给你什么样的启示？请结合文本和自身，谈谈你感受最深的一点。

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我国GMP第一次以法规颁布的时间是？

—Do you know Songhua Lake at all?  

—No, this is the first time I _____ here.   [ ]

A. was          

B. have been  

C. came        

D. am coming

It seems that there is no middle ground when it comes to cats. People either love them or hate them. These feelings are not new either. All through history, cats have been worshiped or hated. A study of ancient writings and evidence found in tombs indicates that for the past 5,000 years, cats have been kept as pets in China, Arabia, Egypt, and India. However, this isn’t very long compared to dogs, which have been domesticated for 50,000 years. Still, while the period in which cats have been domesticated may be quite short, it has definitely had its high and low points.

Cats were at their highest position of domesticated life in ancient Egypt. There were more cats living in Egypt during the time of the pharaohs than in any other place in the world since that time. This high number of cats was probably due to the laws protecting them. Cats were associated with the moon goddess, Bast, so the Egyptians worshiped them as holy animals. If anyone was caught killing a cat, the person could be put to death. Families in Egypt also mourned the death of a cat and had the body of the dead cat wrapped in cloth before it was finally laid to rest. This respect for cats carried over to the Roman Empire where cats were the only animals allowed into temples. This fact was probably due to the ability of cats to keep the temples free of mice and rats. With the coming of the Dark Ages in Europe, the place of cats in society took a turn for the Empire, Christians began to associate cats with pegan (异教徒) beliefs. Cats had a reputation as helpers of witches. When a person was accused of being a witch, a cat would often be put on trial with the person. The cat would be tortured（拷打） to try and make the person tell the truth, and usually the cat and the person would end up being burned in a bonfire or drowned. Bonfires of collected cats were not uncommon during this time.

The days of hunting witches have ended, but other myths about cats still hold out. For a while, people in some places used to bury live cats under new buildings for good luck. As well, many people today continue to believe that black cats bring bad luck. If a black cat walks in front of a person, that person must take extra care in the near future to watch out for dangerous situations. Regardless of superstition(迷信), cats remain a popular pet today. Some cat experts believe that a cat never truly be domesticated because it may turn wild and run away at any time. However, this claim has not put people off keeping cats in their homes. A third of homes in the United States have cats, and one out of every three of these homes keeps both a dog and a cat. Especially in large cities, many people in small apartments have found that cats make much better pets than dogs.

Cats may not be worshiped as gods any more, but there are people who seem to think of their cat as their children. These cat owners will do almost anything to keep their pets healthy and happy. For those cat owners who have always wondered what their pets are trying to tell them, a Japanese company may have come up with the perfect invention. In 2003, the Takara Company announced the Meowlingual, a cat translation device. The Meowlingual uses a microphone, display, and cat voice analyzer to analyze a cat’s meows to determine which of 200 phrases a cat is trying to say.

According to a company spokesperson, “… cat owners all over the world have been telling Takara, ‘ We want a cat translator!’” Now, the company “is making their dream come true by bringing in a new era of communication between cat lovers and their pets.”

小题1:Which of these is NOT discussed in the passage?

A．the status of cats throughout history

B．the evolution of different species of cats

C．the popularity of the cats today

D．communication between cats and their owners小题2:The second paragraph mainly describes_______.

A．how Bast became a goddess.

B．the low point in the history of cats

C．the high point in the history of cats

D．the reason why cats are such good hunters小题3:How were cats treated in Europe during the Dark Ages?

A．as farm animals

B．as food

C．as magical creatures

D．as honored guests小题4:According to the passage, what percentage of people in the United States keep both a cat and a dog?

A．about 10 percent

B．nearly 25 percent

C．about 33 percent

D．close to 50 percent