晚期癌症患者，持批准的特殊证明，允许（）和（）使用麻醉性镇痛药。

从商朝推行内、外服制度到西周分封制，其发展趋势体现了（）

A、中央与地方地位趋于平等

B、中央对地方的控制能力大大加强

C、地方对中央的干预能力大大加强

D、统一的中央集权制度建立起来

患者8岁，因上前牙外伤牙折3个月就诊，查体：左上颌中切牙冠1／2缺损，穿髓，右上颌中牙左侧切角缺损约1／4牙冠，断面尖锐，未见露髓孔，冷刺激稍敏感

患儿左上颌中切理的处理方法是（）

A.一次性根管治疗

B.直接充填

C.开髓拔髓后封药

D.牙髓切断术

E.根尖诱导成形术

下列各句中，没有语病的一句是( )。

A．请柬的封套上古色古香地印着青铜器，上面整齐地排列着身披铠甲、手持盾牌的秦军战士。

B．生活是一幅丰富多彩的画卷，如果得不到你的欣赏，那不是它缺少美，而是你缺少发现。

C．厚道有如参天的大树，替你遮挡暑热炎凉；厚道有如母亲的怀抱，替你抚慰喜怒哀乐。

D．当地造纸厂偷排未经处理的废水，严重污染环境，导致鱼虾绝迹，各种水生作物大量减产和绝产。

下列企业属于不享受校办企业税收优惠的是( )。

A．学校利用自有资金开办的，经营管理由学校负责，收入归学校所有的企业

B．将原有的纳税企业转为校办企业

C．学校将校办企业承包给个人经营的企业

D．私立学校开办的校办企业

Reading comprehension.

     Holiday Inns and McDonald's, both saw unmatched growth in the 1960s. Their growth opened another

direct business operation-franchising (特许经营).

     These operations have the same general pattern. The franchisor, the parent company, first establishes a

successful retail (零售) business. At it expands, it sees a profit potential in offering others the right to open

similar business under its name. The parent company's methods and means of identification with consumers

are included in this right. The parent company supplies skill, and may build and rent stores to franchisees.

For these advantages the franchisee pays the franchisor a considerable fee. However, some of the advantages

and disadvantages are different.

     By extending a "proven" marketing method, a parent can profit in several ways. First, the franchisee's

purchase price gives the parent an immediate return on the plan. Then the sale of supplies to the franchisee

provides a continuing source of profits. As new businesses are added and the company's reputation spreads,

the value of the franchise increases and sales of franchises become easier. The snowballing effect can be

dramatic. Such growth, too, brings into play the economies of scale (规模经济). Regional or national

advertising that might be financially impossible for a franchisor with 20 franchises could be profitable for one

with 40.

     The parent, then, finds immediate gains from the opportunity to expand markets on the basis of reputation

alone, without having to put up capital or take the risk of owning retail stores. Added to this advantage is a less

obvious but material one. Skilled, responsible retail managers are rare. People who invest their capital in

franchises, through, probably come closer to the ideal than do paid managers. In fact, the franchisee is an

independent store operator working for the franchisor, but without an independent's freedom to drop supplies

at will. Of course the factory's costs of selling supplies are less. But also certainly the franchisee buying goods

that have had broad consumer acceptance will not casually change supplies, even when the contract permits.

If the hamburger is not what the customer expected, they may not return. Having paid for the goodwill, the

franchisee won't thoughtlessly destroy it.

     Franchising may give you the idea that as a franchisor, you need only relax in the rocking chair. Franchising,

however, has problems to be solved.

1. Franchising refers to a business operation in which a successful parent company _____.

A. sells name-brand goods to a private investor

B. rents proven ideas and techniques for investment

C. sells the right, the guidance to a business under its name

D. takes no advertising responsibility for individual investors

2. The advantages of franchising to the parent company are all the following EXCEPT _____.

A. an immediate investment return

B. the ownership of additional retail stores

C. the profit from the sale of supplies

D. the possibility of profitable advertising

3. The passage mainly tells the reader _____.

A. the advantages and disadvantages of franchising

B. the benefits of franchising to the franchisor

C. the unmatched economic growth in the 1960's

D. some regional and national business operation

4. What will the author probably discuss after the last paragraph?

A. More advantages of franchising.

B. Risks of investment besides franchising.

C. The standard of consumer acceptance.

D. Negative aspects related to franchising