阿合马是下列哪部作品中的人物______。 A．《茶馆》 B．《关汉卿》 C．《陈

People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behavior are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. 

Social scientists are of course extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behavior. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature and nurture”．

Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme，this theory states that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts(本能)．

Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists' view of the human being is quite mechanistic. They state that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli (刺激) as the basis of their behavior. 

Socially and politically, the consequences of these two theories are far-reaching. In the US，for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites. Behaviorists, on the contrary, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.

Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long time is certain. 

小题1:This passage is mainly concerned with ________.

A．relation between personality and behavior

B．relation between behavior and environment

C．different accounts of patterns of human behavior

D．different theories of the formation of human behavior 小题2:The underlined word “proponents” in Paragraph 2 means ________.

A．creators

B．advisors

C．advocates

D．judges小题3:In Paragraph 5, the author mainly writes about ________.

A．the considerable influence of the two theories

B．differences between the blacks and whites

C．racial discrimination in the United States

D．different responds to intelligence tests小题4:What's the author's purpose in writing the passage?

A．To call our attention to the changes of human behavior.

B．To urge scientists to do more research in social science.

C．To give us a detailed explanation of human behavior.

D．To present an argument in the field of social science.

把下列带序号的句子组合成语意连贯的一段话并填入横线处。（只填序号）（4分）

中国文化中极其夺目的一个部分或称之为“贬官文化”。___________________________。地因人传，人因地传，两相帮衬，俱著声名。

①贬官失了宠，摔了跤，孤零零的，悲剧意识也就爬上了心头；贬到了外头，这里走走，那里看看，只好与山水亲热。

②过了一个时候，或过了一个朝代，事过境迁，连朝廷也觉得此人不错，就恢复名誉。

③这样一来，文章有了，诗词也有了，而且往往写得不坏。

④他们亲热过的山水亭阁，也便成了遗迹。

⑤于是，人品和文品双全，传之史册，诵之后人。

阿托品不会引起

A．恶心、呕吐

B．视力模糊

C．口干

D．排尿困难

E．心悸

计算：在高速公路上，一些司机为了降低运营成本，肆意超载，带来极大危害。按照我国汽车工业的行业标准，载货车辆对地面的压强应控制在7×10⁵pa以内。有一辆自重为2×10⁴N的6轮汽车，每个车轮与地面的接触面积为0．02m²。如果要求该车运行时不超过规定的行业标准，这辆汽车最多装多少吨货物?

（8分）阅读下列材料：

材料一：我们的政治制度不是从我们邻人的制度中模仿而来的，我们的制度是别人的模范……我们的制度之所以称为民主政治，因为 * * 是在全体公民手中，而不是在少数人手中。解决私人争执的时候，每个人在法律上都是平等的……

——伯里克利

材料二：凡未经议会同意，国王无权废除法律或停止法律的执行；不经议会同意，国王不能征税；不经议会同意，国王不能在和平时期维持常备军；议会必须定期召开，议员的选举不受国王的干涉。

材料三: 1863年元月1日起，凡在当地人民尚在反抗合众国的任何一州之内，或一州的指明地区之内，为人占有而做奴隶的人们都应在那时及以后永远获得自由；合众国政府行政部门，包括海陆空当局，将承认 并保障这些人的当他们或他们之中的任何人为自己的自由而作任何努力时，不作任何压制他们的行为。

请回答：

（1）材料一中“我们的政治制度”开启了西方民主政治的先河。请根据材料一指出这一制度民主性的表现。

（1分）

（2）材料二的内容出自哪部文献？（1分）该文献的颁布确立了什么原则？（1分）该文献的颁布有什么意义？（1分）

（3）材料三的内容出自哪部文献？（1分）该文献的颁布有何积极作用？（1分）

（4）西方民主政治从产生起就存在局限性，从古到今，请举两例说明。（2分）