请简述要约、要约邀请、承诺的定义。

(1)The word "addiction" usually makes you think of alcohol or drugs, but in modem-day society we are seeing some new kinds of addictions. Some people are compulsive(难以自制的)shoppers. Others find it impossible to pull themselves away from their work. Still others spend countless hours watching TV or playing computer games.
(2)Over the years, shopping has become a very common activity. Many people enjoy going to stores more and more every day, but it’s more than a common hobby for some of them. They have turned into shopaholics. They are people who simple enjoy shopping and walking around spending money without being able to stop doing it. They are hooked on shopping and usually buy things that they don’t need. Even though they don’t have enough money, they buy everything they want.
(3)The question is, why do they have this addiction There isn’t a specific answer. Some people go shopping when they are sad, worried, upset or lonely, and they want to feel better. They use this activity as a way to forget their problems. Shopaholics say that they feel more important and better after they buy something. They also tend to have this addiction when they feel guilty.
(4)Shopaholism seems to be a harmless addiction, but it can ______. Some of them can be psychological. If this is the case, people addicted to shopping should go to a support group to help them break this habit. However, the process, like for most addictions, is long, and they suffer a lot. It can also cause financial problems. They just think about satisfying their feelings, so they spend money they don’t have. They get deep in debt, and they can even go bankrupt and get sent to prison.

What’s the mare idea of Paragraph 3 ( Please answer within 8 words)

出铁过程中，也要检查液压泥炮能否正常运行。

患者李某，女性，56岁，平素嗜食肥甘厚腻，咳嗽反复发作，咳声重浊，痰多稠厚成块，晨起为多，胸闷食少体倦，苔白腻。此属下列何种病证

A．风寒咳嗽
B．风热咳嗽
C．痰湿咳嗽
D．痰热咳嗽
E．内伤咳嗽

据2003年2月3日某报载：近年来，我国股票市场的增长速度较快，相比之下债券市场却遭到了冷遇。中国的企业债券市场从20世80年代中期兴起，从发行市场看，自1987年至1998年的12年间，企业债券累计发行约1360 亿元，与1997年全年企业通过发行股票筹集资金大体相当。1997年当年发行的企业债券为股票筹资额的22.6%，同国际上其他国家相比，这个规模显然偏小。从二级市场情况看，债市与股市的差距就更为明显。1995年底，在上海和深圳证券交易所上市的企业债券达到20家，以后就再也没超过这一数字。由于交易品种稀少，交易量也微乎其微。

从以上资料可以看出，从发行市场看，自（）年前至1998年，企业债券累计发行约1360亿元。

A．1985

B．1986

C．1987

D．1988