中标人不按照与招标人订立的合同履行义务，情节严重的，取消其( )年内参加依法必须进

局部放电发生时，在接地的金属表面将产生瞬时地电压，这个地电压将沿金属的表面向各个方向传播。通过检测（）实现对电力设备局部放电的判别和定位。

阅读下列语段，完成后面小题。（14分）

①黄河是中 * * 的摇篮，没有黄河，就没有我们这些黑头发黄皮肤的中国人。然而，我们是怎样对待这条母亲河的呢？说句实话，我们对不起黄河。据学者们研究，两千多年前，黄河并不姓"黄"，而是叫"河水"或者"大河"，河水也是相当清澈的。随着她儿女的渐渐增多，她周围的森林面积却一天比一天减少，造成了越来越多的水土流失，终于使她由绿变黄了。由于河底的泥沙越来越多，河面逐渐上升，有些地方，比如河南省开封市，河面比房顶还高，成了流在人们头顶上的"悬河"！。大概是母亲生我们的气吧，河水一次又一次地跑出来教训我们，造成了难以想象的损失。

②那么，目前的情况又怎样呢？旧的问题没有解决，新的问题又产生了。黄河不仅是工农业生产和人民生活的重要水源，也成了附近农业污水和生活污水的主要排放渠道。据专家们统计，黄河污水排放量高达21．2亿吨，工业垃圾及生活垃圾近4100万吨，农药和化肥的年使用量分别为3．75万吨和600万吨。以宁夏为例，黄河流经宁夏13个市县，全长397公里。宁夏每年3亿吨工业和生活污水大约有80%排放进黄河。据检验，黄河水中的有害物质的含量近年来显著增加。由于污染严重，河水不进行处理就不符合饮用标准。然而现在，宁夏南部山区许多农民就直接饮用黄河水。即使是那些不直接饮用黄河水的人，也不是不受危害的。因为被污染的黄河水影响到了地下水，一些地区的地下水，污染程度已相当严重。饮用这样的地下水，怎能保证身体健康呢？

　③黄河污染问题，关系到千千万万人民的生产生活，关系到中 * * 的生存与发展。如果我们不高度重视，不赶快控制污染，情况将更加严重。那样的话，黄河母亲会更加生我们的气。如果我们想保护自己，保护中 * * ，就必须先想办法保护母亲，保护黄河。

小题1:结合第①②段内容简要说说文中“旧的问题”和“新的问题”分别是指什么问题？4分

答：旧的问题指：_________________________________________________        __

新的问题指：_______________________________________________        ________

小题2:请用自己的话概括回答：文中画横线部分运用                   的说明方法，说明了

小题3:仔细阅读第二段内容，概括造成黄河污染的主要物质有哪些？3分

小题4:文中第二段中加点的“主要”一词能否去掉，为什么？3分

根据我国《合同法》的规定，分期付款的买受人未支付到期价款的金额达到全部价款的( )的，出卖人可以要求买受人支付全部价款或者解除合同。

A．二分之一

B．三分之一

C．四分之一

D．五分之一

— _____ 

— P-E-N, pen. [ ]

A. Is it good?

B. Do you like the pen?

C. How do you spell pen?

D. What's that in English?

If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different.       

If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.

Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. "Who is that?" the new arrival asked St. Peter. "Oh, that's God." came the reply, "but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor."

If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.

If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff(即兴的)remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.

Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote "If at first you don't succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.

小题1:To make your humor work, you should ________.

A．take advantage of different kinds of audience

B．make fun of the disorganized people.

C．address different problems to different people.

D．show sympathy for your listeners.小题2: The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are ________.

A．impolite to new arrivals.　　

B．very conscious of their godlike role.

C．entitled to some privileges.　　

D．very busy even during lunch hours.小题3: It can be inferred from the text that public services ________.

A．have benefited many people.　　

B．are the focus of public attention.

C．are an inappropriate subject for humor.　

D．have often been the laughing stock.小题4:To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered ________.

A．in well-worded language.　

B．as awkwardly as possible.

C．in exaggerated statement.　　

D．as casually as possible.小题5: The best title for the text may be ________.

A．Use Humor Effectively.　　

B．Various Kinds of Humor.

C．Add Humor to Speech.

D．Different Humor Strategies.