题目:
患者,女,48岁,脘腹满闷,时轻时重,喜温喜按,纳食减少,神疲乏力,大便微溏,舌淡,苔薄白,脉细弱,宜用何方
A.保和丸加减
B.二陈平胃散加减
C.补中益气汤加减
D.益胃汤加减
E.香砂养胃汤加减
答案:
参考答案:C
患者,女,48岁,脘腹满闷,时轻时重,喜温喜按,纳食减少,神疲乏力,大便微溏,舌淡,苔薄白,脉细弱,宜用何方
A.保和丸加减
B.二陈平胃散加减
C.补中益气汤加减
D.益胃汤加减
E.香砂养胃汤加减
参考答案:C
通常所说的建设项目竣工验收,指的是( )。
A.单位工程验收
B.单项工程验收
C.动用验收
D.交工验收
不是NK细胞的杀伤特点的是()
A.不受MHC限制
B.抗体介导杀伤
C.预先致敏
D.非特异性杀伤
E.接触杀伤
为了更好地完成初中阶段的学习任务,我们应该 ( )
①学会自主学习 ②提高学习效率
③找到适合自己的学习方法 ④自学为主,多看课外书,拓宽自己的知识面
A.①②③
B.②③④
C.②④
D.①③
在下述药品中,遇光线最容易引起变化的是()
A.明矾
B.氯化铵
C.硫酸钠
D.水杨酸钠
E.胃蛋白酶
Disability among the elderly has declined markedly in the United States in the past two decades. In 1984, 25 percent of the elderly population reported difficulty with activities associated with independent living. By 1999, the share had fallen to 20 percent, a decline of one-fifth. Although these basic facts are well known, their interpretation is not clear. Is the reduction in disability a result of improved medical care, individual behavioral changes, environmental modifications that allow the elderly to better function by themselves, or other demographic changes Will the trend continue, or is it time limited What does the reduction in disability mean for years of healthy life and labor force participation
The researchers David Cutler, Mary Beth Landrum, and Kate Stewart focus on disability caused by cardiovascular disease to investigate the role of improved medical care on reductions in disability. By looking at just one condition, they can analyze health shocks and their outcomes in some detail. Cardiovascular disease is a natural condition to analyze, because it is the most common cause of death in the United States and most other developed countries. Also, more is spent on cardiovascular disease than on any other condition, clearly a case where medical care could really matter.
The researchers measure disability as the presence of impairments in. Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs). Their data source, the National Long-Term Care Survey(NLTCS) , includes information on six ADL measures: eating, getting in or out of bed, walking around inside, dressing, bathing, and getting to or using the toilet. There are also questions about eight IADL measures: doing light housework or laundry, preparing meals, shopping for groceries, getting around outside, managing money, taking medications, and making telephone calls. The NLTCS is a nationally representative longitudinal survey of the health and disability profile of the population aged 65 and over.
Cutler and his co-researchers find that reduced disability associated with cardiovascular disease accounts for a significant part of the total reduction in disability--between 14 and 22 percent. The evidence suggests that improvements in medical care, including both increased use of relevant procedures and pharmaceuticals, led to a significant part of this decline in disability. Regions with higher use experienced substantial reductions in mortality and disability.
While precise data on the implications of reduced disability are lacking, the possible impact of disability reductions is staggering. The researchers estimate that preventing disability after an acute cardiovascular event can add as much as 3.7 years of quality-adjusted life expectancy, or perhaps $ 316,000 of value. The cost of this outcome is significantly smaller. The initial treatment costs range from $ 8,610 to $ 16,332, depending on the procedure used. Further, recent cost analyses reported that annual Medicare spending was lower for the non-disabled than the disabled, which suggests that higher treatment costs may be offset by lower future spending among a more healthy population. By virtually any measure, therefore, the researchers conclude that medical technology after acute cardiovascular episodes is worth the cost.
According to the researchers, reduced disability()
A. is the result of deeline in cardiovascular disease
B. can be realized by increased use of pharmaceuticals
C. is due to improved medical care
D. is mainly caused by improved procedures