在连接件挤压实用计算的强度条件σbs=pbs/abs≤[σbs]中，abs是指连接件

OSI参考模型中的最上层是( )。

A．表示层

B．网络层

C．会话层

D．应用层

右图的几个城市的气温和降水符合左图的是

A、1

B、2

C、3

D、4

科学地开发和利用能源才能促进人类的可持续发。阅读材料，回答问题。

材料一 煤炭在工业化过程中扮演了重要角色。到18世纪，木材一直是最主要的燃料，巨大的木材消耗使森林锐减。引起木材严重短缺。但西欧大量的煤炭资源都储藏在英国，且储藏在水路交通方便、毗邻商业中心和熟练工人密集的地方。储藏集中以致必要挖掘技术的具备。使煤炭成为木材的替代品。煤炭资源的优势支持了不断扩大的铁器制造和蒸汽机的应用。在这一点上，英国的经验与中国有明显区剐。中国的地理因素阻碍了从木材到煤炭的早期转变，因为中国的主要产煤在西北地区，离最有经济潜力的长江三角洲相距甚远。(据本特利《新全球史》)

材料二 洋务派开办军事工业，加之外资工业扩大，煤炭的需求量日益增加，进口量迅速扩走，供求关系紧张价格昂贵．成为洋务军事工业的一大经济负担。1867年，曾国藩向清廷提出：“挖煤一事，借外国开挖之器兴中国永远之利。似尚可试办。”l872年．李鸿章进一步强调若能自开煤矿，则“洋煤不阻自地，船、厂亦应用不穷”，与塞满卮、求富强“殊有关系”。l874年，李鸿章、沈葆桢重提“开采煤矿，以济军需”。l875年，清廷放弃开采煤矿的禁令，允许试办机器采煤业。于是，出现了兴办民族煤矿企业的热潮。

表1875—1884年洋务派创办煤矿企业状况(部分)

【据张海鹏《中国近代通史》第三卷“早期现代化的尝试”】

(1)根据材料一概括煤炭在英国工业化过程中扮演重要角色的具体体现(6分)并结合所学知识分析 煤炭在同一时期的中国没能扮演类似角色的主要原因。(4分)

（2）根据材料二结合所学知识分析当时兴办煤矿企业热潮出现的主要原因。（6分）概括这些企业的经营状况。（4分）。

Although there are many skillful Braille readers, thousands of other blind people find it difficult to learn that system. They are thereby shut (1) from the world of books and newspapers, having to (2) on friends to read aloud to them.

A young scientist named Raymond Kurzweil has now designed a computer which is a major (3) in providing aid to the (4) .His machine, Cyclops, has a camera that (5) any page, interprets the print into sounds, and then delivers them orally in a robot-like (6) through a speaker. By pressing the appropriate buttons (7) Cyclops’s keyboard, a blind person can "read" any (8) document in the English language.

This remarkable invention represents a tremendous (9) forward in the education of the handicapped. At present, Cyclops costs $ 50,000. (10) , Mr. Kurzweil and his associates are preparing a smaller (11) improved version that will sell (12) less than half that price. Within a few years, Kurzweil (13) the price range will be low enough for every school and library to (14) one. Michael Hingson, Director of the National Federation for the Blind, hopes that (15) will be able to buy home (16) of Cyclops for the price of a good television set.

Mr. Hingson’s organization purchased five machines and is now testing them in Maryland, Colorado, Iowa, California, and New York. Blind people have been (17) in those tests, making lots of (18) suggestions to the engineers who helped to produce Cyclops.

"This is the first time that blind people have ever done individual studies (19) a product was put on the market," Hingson said. "Most manufacturers believed that having the blind help the blind was like telling disabled people to teach other disabled people. In that (20) , the manufacturers have been the blind ones.

13（）

A.estimates

B.considers

C.counts

D.determines

纳税人被工商行政管理机关吊销营业执照的，应当自营业执照被吊销之日起30日内，向原税务登记机关申报办理注销税务登记。( )