一个判决只对被判处的案件有效，法院判决对日后同类案件并无约束力的法律体系是( )。

运动训练学

社会に出ていろいろな人を見ていると､素直な（老实的，纯朴的）人のほうが伸びています。子どもは素直なほうがいいけれど､あまりにも素直な子どもは世の中で通用しないのではないかと心配する親がいますが､まったく杞憂（杞人忧天）のです。むしろ（不如说）､素直な人でないと成功できません。なぜでしょうか。素直な人は自分の能力や努力だけでは、（ア）ことを理解しています。人に助けられて仕事が進んでいることを知っています。そこから感謝の言葉が湧いてきます。子どもの口から｢ありがとう｣が自然に出てくるように､幼いときから繰り返し教えましょう。プレゼントをくれた人だけではなく､勉強を教えてくれた人､助けてくれた人……、いろいろな機会に｢ありがとう｣というようにして、人は支えられて生きていることを実感させましょう。アメリカは､自分に自信を持ち､自分の長所を伸ばすように励ます国ですが､（イ）子どもたちは幼いころから感謝の言葉をきちんと言えるように訓練を受けます。成長してからも他人のアドバイスを虚心に聞き、｢われ以外、みな我が師｣という精神で人と接すれば，さらにいろいろなアドバイスを受けることができます。強いリーダーになる要件には、人の弱みや不安定な点を見つけ、相手を脅かし（胁迫）、恐れさせるずるさを持たなければならないという考え方もあります。相手と競争しなければならないときは、（ウ）。しかし，強いリーダーになる前に、よいリーダーとなれるような人間的成長が必要です。そのためにも，子どものうちから親のアドバイスに従う習慣をつけましょう。

筆者はだれを対象にこの文章を書いたのだろうか（）。

A.親

B.強いリーダーになりたい人

C.成功したい人

D.よいリーダーになりたい人

Part 3

Questions 19-25

·Read the following passage and answer questions 19-25.
·For questions 19-25, choose the correct answer from A, B, C and D.
·Markyour answers on the Answer Sheet.
It is natural for young people to be critical of their parents at times and to blame them for the most of the misunderstandings between them. They have always complained, more or less justly, that their parents are out of touch with modern way; that they are possessive and dominant; that they don’t trust their children to deal with the crisis; that they talk too much about certain problems — and that they have no sense of humor, at least in parent-child relationships.
I think it is true that parent often underestimate their teenage children and also forget how they themselves felt when young.
Young people often irritate their parent with their choices in clothes and hairstyles, in entertainers and music. This is not their motive. They feel cut off from adult world into which they have not yet been accepted. So they create a culture of society of their own. Then, it turns out that their music and entertainers or vocabulary or clothes or hairstyles irritate their parents. This gives them additional enjoyment. They feel they are superior, at least in a small way, and they are leaders in style and taste.
Sometimes you are resistant, and proud because you don’t want your parents to approve what you do. If they did approve, it looks as if you are betraying your own age group. But in that cases, you are assuming that you are an underdog: you can’t win but at least you can keep your honor. There is a passive way of looking at things. It is natural enough after long years of childhood, when you are completely under your patents’ control. But it ignores the face that you are now beginning to be responsible for yourself.
If you plan to control your life, cooperation can be part of that plan. You can charm others, especially your parents, into doing things the way you want. You can impress your parents with your sense of responsibility and initiative, so that they will give you the authority to do what you want to do.

What’s the main idea of this passage

A．Parents should give more authorities to their children.

B．Teenagers should listen to parents’ words.

C．Teenagers want to get rid of their parents’ minds.

D．Teenagers want to become different.

（）是税收理论和税收制度在操作层的现实应用，是税收分析的主要对象和作用领域。

A、税收分析

B、税收理论

C、税收制度

D、税收实务

新增石灰石磨粉变压器高压侧引自6KV厂用（）段。