试题与答案

目前,医生们已经发现更多证据表明HSN1型禽流感病毒迅速变异,使抗禽流感药物“达菲”

题型:单项选择题

题目:

目前,医生们已经发现更多证据表明HSN1型禽流感病毒迅速变异,使抗禽流感药物“达菲”失效。

2005年1月,当一名13岁的越南小女孩因轻微肺炎被送到医院时,人们还庆幸她及时得到了“达菲”的治疗。用药初期症状确有缓解,但6天后她还是离开了人世。这只是牛津大学临床研究中心专家诺·德容报告中的一例病毒进化证据。这一报告指出,尽管服用了“达菲”,越南医院8名感染HSN1病毒的患者中仍有4人死亡。调查显示,在两名病人的体内,病毒已对“达菲”产生耐药性。

世界卫生组织认为,照此进化速度,HSN1型病毒在人际传播只是早晚问题。

世界卫生组织统计,目前在4个国家中已有139人感染HSN1型病毒,71人死亡。由于目前流感疫苗对禽流感无效,而针对H5N1型病毒的疫苗正在研制中,因此治疗禽流感主要依靠4种药物。其中两种旧药“金刚烷胺”和“金刚乙胺”对病毒效力已经较小,两种新药则是瑞士罗氏制药公司生产的“达菲”胶囊和英国葛兰素一史公司生产的喷雾式“乐感清”。

美国康奈尔大学医学院专家安妮·莫斯科纳指出,“达菲”的主要成分是被普遍用于治疗常规感冒的神经氨酸苷酶抗化剂,它通过抑制神经氨酸苷酶,减低流感病毒向未传染细胞扩展的能力。但在抑制神经氨酸苷酶方面,“达菲”并非完美。她和其他专家都认为,德容报告说明“达菲”需要谨慎保存、妥善使用。

而“达菲”的制造商瑞士罗氏制药公司说,“达菲”必须在感染病毒后48小时内服用才会有效,并必须连续服用多天,疗效才明显。

德容和莫斯科纳都认为“乐感清”是较好的“达菲”替代品。但“乐感清”也有自身缺陷。作

为喷雾式吸入药剂,它对某些有呼吸问题的患者并不适用,比如哮喘病人。它只对肺部感染者有效,但H5N1型病毒还能感染其他器官,葛兰素一史克公司正在研制注射式“乐感清”。

德容说,就像治疗艾滋病,对抗禽流感也需要用“鸡尾酒”疗法。现在用药多了几种选择。德容说,一种叫利巴韦林的抗病毒药可以加入“鸡尾酒”处方,这种药物通常用于治疗肺炎。另外,抑制神经氨酸苷酶的新药“帕拉米韦”将来可能也是一种选择。“帕拉米韦”是美国生物制药公司BioCryst研制的治疗禽流感针剂,目前尚在实验中,尚未获得美国食品和药物管理局批准使用。

下列理解与表述,不符合原文意思的一项是()。

A.越来越多的证据表明,抗禽流感药物“达菲”之所以失去效力,是因为H5N1型禽流感病毒能够迅速变异

B.由于禽流感病毒的进化速度越来越快,世卫组织担心,照此下去,H5N1型病毒在人际传播只是早晚问题

C.安妮·莫斯科纳和其他专家都认为,德容报告说明“达菲”需要谨慎保存、妥善使用,但瑞士罗氏制药公司不同意这一观点

D.现在治疗禽流感主要依靠“达菲”、“乐感清”等4种药物,但它们在治疗禽流感方面都存在着一定的缺陷

答案:

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参考答案:C解析:[考核要点] 本题考核的是第五章第二节中项目的自我总结评价。[解题思路] 项目总结评价是项目后评价的基础和重要的资料来源。项目总结评价的内容和方法与项目后评价基本一致,区别在于总结评价...

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