泵控型闭式液压起货机是通过改变油泵的吸排油方向来实现换向。

培养立克次体常用的方法有________、________、_________。

我国国家标准《物流术语》中的描述：“由供方与需方以外的物流企业提供物流服务的业务模式”指的是（）

A.第一方物流

B.第二方物流

C.第三方物流

D.第四方物流

阅读理解。

     Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home? People who are thinking about adopting

a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight. A recent research has found a new recipe

of success. According to the study, if the cat is adopted before the dog, and if they are introduced when

still young (less than 6 months for cats, a year for dogs), it is highly probable that the two pets will get

along swimmingly. Two-thirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their

cat and dog.

     However, it wasn't all sweetness and light. There was a reported coldness between the cat and dog in

25% of the homes, while aggression and fighting were observed in 10% of the homes. One reason for this

is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite. For example, when a cat turns its head away

it signals aggression, while a dog doing the same signals submission.

     In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully, researchers observed a surprising behaviour. They are

learning how to talk each other's language. It is a surprise that cats can learn how to talk 'dog', and dogs

can learn how to talk 'Cat'.

     What's interesting is that both cats and dogs have appeared to develop their intelligence. They can learn

how to read each other's body signals, suggesting that the two may have more in common than we previously

suspected. Once familiar with each other's presence and body language, cats and dogs can play together,

greet each other nose to nose, and enjoy sleeping together on the sofa. They can easily share the same water

bowl and in some cases groom (梳理) each other.

     The significance of the research on cats and dogs may go beyond pets─to people who don't get along,

including neighbors, colleagues at work, and even world superpowers. If cats and dogs can learn to get along,

surely people have a good chance.

1. The underlined word swimmingly in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _____.

A. early

B. sweetly

C. quickly

D. smoothly

2. Some cats and dogs may fight when _____.

A. they are cold to each other

B. they look away from each other

C. they misunderstood each other's signals

D. they are introduced at an early age

3. What is found surprising about cats and dogs?

A. They eat and sleep each other.

B. They observe each other's behaviors.

C. They learn to speak each other's language.

D. They know something from each other's voices.

4. It is suggested in Paragraph 4 that cats and dogs _____.

A. have common interests

B. are less different than was thought

C. have a common body language

D. are less intelligent than was expected

5. What can we human beings learn from cats and dogs?

A. We should learn to live in harmony.

B. We should know more about animals.

C. We should live in peace with animals.

D. We should learn more body languages.

张校长从参加工作到现在，就一直在同一所中学工作。他是教学骨干出身，而且为人开朗、热情，乐于帮助别人，在学校里人缘很好，在不同的工作岗位上都干得有声有色。一年前，他被提拔为学校的校长。 担任校长后，张校长深信，校长要管理好学校，必须深入基层，多方了解实际情况。为此，他发挥自己优势，经常深入备课组、教研组和年级组，多方了解教育教学的实际情况。在这些时候，一些教师就会向他反映自己工作上出现的一些问题，并提出一些要求。张校长觉得作为一校之长，就要随时解决教师提出的问题，这样才能提高管理的效率。于是，他经常当场就给教师一个明确的答复。很多时候，张校长深入基层了解情况的场景更像是一个现场办公会，而且气氛非常热烈。时间一长，教师们开始主动找张校长反映问题、提出要求，而且人数越来越多，“有问题找校长”逐渐成为教师们的共识。在这个过程中，一些教师提出的问题很快得到了解决，对张校长更加敬重。 教师们认为张校长很务实，很有效率，没有领导架子。这样，张校长在教师中的威信更高了，他自己也觉得很自豪。 可是，这样一来，学校中层干部的工作状态却在逐渐发生变化：首先是工作不主动、不积极，凡事都等校长的指示；其次是在日常管理中对教师讨好的多了，批评的少了，总是把很多自己职责范围的事情推给校长，遇到矛盾都是请校长亲自出面解决。 这样，张校长也变得越来越忙，每天都有很多事情需要他处理和决策，他每天都被教师和中层干部提出的问题“牵着走”。这时候，他突然意识到自己的领导方式有问题，在深入基层时一不小心犯了越级指挥的错误。面对教师，他现场办公、随意评说、直接下结论，突出了个人的威信，却淡化了组织的层级管理，削弱了中层干部的权威，好心办了坏事。 如何解决这个问题张校长通过深入思考后，给自己深入基层立了两条规矩：第一，多听少说，凡事不在现场直接表态；第二，对教师反映的问题和提出的要求，要认真记录，并在每周一次的校长办公会上提出来，和学校其他领导和中层干部共同商量后决定，最后的决定由该教师的直接上级传达下去。同时，张校长在全校教师大会上就教师向上反映问题提出了3条规矩：第一，教师有问题，首先应该找自己的直接上级反映和解决；第二，教师反映的问题，学校中层干部在自己的职责范围内有权做出决策；第三，学校中层干部做出的决策要经过校长办公会的审议通过。 这样一来，学校中层干部工作的积极性、主动性大大提高，对工作越来越负责，在教师中威信也提高了。同时，学校领导班子的凝聚力也不断增强，学校整个管理越来越顺畅、有效。张校长自己也把更多的时间和精力用在思考和探索学校宏观发展战略和长期发展上了，他觉得自己在领导方式上经历了一次飞跃。 问题：

你认为教育领导效率评价对学校管理活动有何重要意义

金融机构在行使先履行抗辩权后，可以直接解除合同。当借款人收到解除通知时，合同即自动解除。