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电力企业财务管理的主要内容包括资金筹集管理、投资管理、利润及其分配管理以及成本费用管理。（）

Economics has long been known as an unpleasant science. But is any economist so dull as to criticize Christmas? At first glance, the holiday season in western economies seems a treat for those who are concerned with such things as GDP growth. After all, everyone is spending; in America, sellers make 25 % of their yearly sales and 60 % of their profits between Thanksgiving and Christmas. Even so, economists find something to worry about in the nature of the purchases being made.

Much of the holiday spending is on gifts for others. At the simplest level, giving gifts involves the giver's thinking of something that the receiver would like — he tries to guess her preferences, as economists say — and then buying the gift and delivering it. Yet this guessing of preferences is often done badly. Every year, ties go unworn and books unread. And even if a gift is enjoyed, it may not be what the receiver would have bought if they had spent the money themselves.

Interested in this mismatch between wants and gifts, in 1993 Joel Waldfogel, then an economist at Yale University, attempted to estimate the disparity(差距) in dollar terms. He asked students two questions at the end of a holiday season: first, estimate the total amount paid (by the givers) for all the holiday gifts you received; second, apart from the emotional value of the items, if you did not have them, how much would you be willing to pay to get them? His results were unpleasant: on average, a gift was valued by the receiver well below the price paid by the giver.

The most conservative(保守的) estimate put the average receiver’s valuation at 90% of the buying price. The missing 10% is what economists call a deadweight loss; a waste of resources that could be avoided without making anyone poorer. In other words, if the giver gave the cash value of the purchase instead of the gift itself, the receiver could then buy what she really wants and be better off for no extra cost. It suggests that in America, where givers spend $40 billion on Christmas gifts, $ 4 billion is being lost annually in the process of gift giving. Add in birthdays, weddings and non Christian occasions, and the figure would balloon. So should economists call for an end to gift giving, or at least press for money to become the gift of choice?

56. Why do some people regard the holiday season in western economies a treat?

A. Because the economic situation in US has been depressing.

B. Because American sellers make a quarter of their yearly sales through holiday season.

C. Because holiday spending can speed up GDP growth.

D. Because sellers can make as much profit as 60 % over holiday season.

57. What's the main idea for the second paragraph?

A. In many cases the gifts cannot meet the receivers’ needs.

B. The purchases made over holiday season are actually a waste of money.

C. It's really not easy to guess the others’ preferences.

D. Much of the holiday spending is on gifts for others.

58. The purpose of Joel Waldfogel's study is to _____.

A. prove the mismatch between wants and gifts

B. estimate the disparity between wants and gifts in economic terms

C. spark new ideas of economic studies on holiday spending

D. discover the exact cost of holiday spending on gift giving 

59. Economists think of the misusing 10% of holiday spending as a deadweight loss because

_______.

A. the cash value of the purchase is lower than the buying price

B. it is actually a waste of resources in economic terms

C. with the money the receivers can be better off for no extra cost

D. it makes many people even poorer for spending more on unwanted gifts

60. According to the passage altogether how much money is wasted every year on gift giving?

A. About $4 billion.                                  B. About 10% of the total value.

C. About $40 billion.                              D. Much more than $4 billion.

阅读下面一篇文言文，完成小题。（共21分）

蔺相如完璧归赵论      [明]王世贞

蔺相如之完璧，人皆称之。予未敢以为信也。

夫秦以十五城之空名，诈赵而胁其璧。是时言取璧者情也，非欲以窥赵也。赵得其情则弗予，不得其情则予；得其情而畏之则予，得其情而弗畏之则弗予。此两言决耳，奈之何既畏而复挑其怒也！

且夫秦欲璧，赵弗予璧，两无所曲直也。入璧而秦弗予城，曲在秦。秦出城而璧归，曲在赵。欲使曲在秦，则莫如弃璧；畏弃璧，则莫如弗予。夫秦王既按图以予城，又设九宾，斋而受璧，其势不得不予城。璧入而城弗予，相如则前请曰：“臣固知大王之弗予城也。夫璧非赵璧乎？而十五城秦宝也。今使大王以璧故，而亡其十五城，十五城之子弟，皆厚怨大王以弃我如草芥也。大王弗与城，而绐赵璧，以一璧故，而失信于天下，臣请就死于国，以明大王之失信。”秦王未必不返璧也。今奈何使舍人怀而逃之，而归直于秦！是时秦意未欲与赵绝耳。令秦王怒而僇相如于市，武安君十万众压邯郸，而责璧与信，一胜而相如族，再胜而璧终入秦矣。

吾故曰：蔺相如之获全于璧也，天也。若其劲渑池，柔廉颇，则愈出而愈妙于用。所以能完赵者，天固曲全之哉！

小题1:对下列句子中划线的词的解释，错误的一项是

A．诈赵而胁其璧胁：逼迫，勒索。

B．夫秦王既按图以予城按：按照。

C．大王弗与城，而绐赵璧绐：欺骗，欺诈。

D．一胜而相如族族：灭族。小题2:下列各组句子中，划线的词的意义和用法相同的一组是

A．（1）蔺相如之完璧，人皆称之（2）真州逐之城门外，几彷徨死

B．（1）臣请就死于国，以明大王之失信（2）既而以吴民之乱请于朝

C．（1）武安君十万众压邯郸，而责璧与信（2）日与北骑相出没于长淮间

D．（1）蔺相如之获全于璧也，天也（2）臣之壮也，犹不如人小题3:以下对本文有关内容的分析和概括，不正确的一项是

A．蔺相如完璧归赵这件事虽然世人都称赞，但这件事本身有许多疑点，经不起推敲，其实是不真实的。

B．从事情起因角度考察，秦国想要得到和氏璧，赵国不给，这很正常，双方并没有什么是非曲直可言。

C．既然已经答应给赵国十五城，“又设九宾，斋而受璧”，为了不失信于天下，秦王将不得不把城市交给赵国。

D．蔺相如完璧归赵无异于故意“挑”秦之怒气，如果秦王不是考虑两国的外交关系，这件事的后果是非常严重的。小题4:把文言文阅读材料中画线的句子和相关课文中的句子译成现代汉语。（9分）

（1）今奈何使舍人怀而逃之，而归直于秦！

（2）相如虽驽，独畏廉 * * 哉？

（3）安能屈豪杰之流，扼腕墓道，发其志士之悲哉

小题5:用斜线（/）给下面文言文划线部分断句。（3分）

曾 子 衣 敝 衣 以 耕 鲁 君 使 人 往 致 邑 焉 曰 请 以 此 修 衣 曾 子 不 受反 复 往 又 不 受。使者曰：“先生非求于人，人则献之，奚为不受？”曾子曰：“臣闻之，受人者畏人，予人者骄人。纵君有赐，不我骄也，我能勿畏乎？”终不受。

在①文本②图形、图像③声音④动画⑤视频中，属于媒体的是（）

A、①②④⑤

B、①②③④

C、②③④⑤

D、①②③④⑤

救火时不要张嘴呼吸或高声呐喊，以免烟火灼伤上呼吸道。