焓的公式：h=1.01t+0.001d（2501+1.85t），式中1.85表示（）

阅读下面的文字，完成12—14题。

“国学狂人”刘文典传奇的一生

柳已青

提起古籍校勘大家刘文典，脑海中就会出现一个狂生的形象，风骨嶙峋，清高孤傲，特立独行。刘文典的逸闻广为流传，在安徽大学任校长时，与蒋介石发生争执，痛斥蒋介石为“新军阀”；在西南联大时期，跑警报遇到沈从文，喝斥沈“你为何跑警报”；圆月之夜为联大学生讲《月赋》；因迷恋云南鸦片和火腿，被称为“二云居士”，最终因贪食鸦片离校未归被解聘…… 这是人们熟悉的刘文典。

刘文典还有很多鲜为人知的一面。早年参加同盟会，师承刘师培、章太炎，发扬光大“章疯子”的狂狷个性，章太炎曾作联语“养生未羡嵇中散，疾恶真推祢正平”赠刘文典。追随孙中山，担任秘书，起草英文电稿。在新文化运动中，刘文典加盟《新青年》，高举科学大旗。执教北京大学时，参与营救陈独秀，驱逐章士钊。任清华大学国文系主任时，请陈寅恪出大学入学考题对对子“孙行者”。……在云南大学执教时期，被尊为国宝级教授，成了云南省 * * 的“座上宾”，吸食鸦片，是云南省政府特批的。1946年10月，刘文典为蒋介石60大寿写骈文祝寿。

《狂人刘文典》作为第一本为刘文典而作的传记，以翔实的文史资料，展现了被忽略的“国学狂人”传奇的一生。作者章玉政为写此书，深入北京、云南、安徽等地的图书馆、档案馆查阅第一手的资料，访问知情人，厘清了刘文典生平中的“疑点”，做到了记其事功，传其神采。

作者这种严谨、细致、扎实的态度，使得这本传记建立在有价值的史料之上。章玉政在《狂人刘文典》后记中说，尽量坚持“有几分证据说几分话”的史家态度，强调故事性与学术性并存。写作的出发点是好的，但书中有美中不足之处。笔者觉得有些地方作者下的判断过于草率了。

比如，刘文典被西南联大辞退这桩公案。有时，由于立场和观点的分歧，即使相同的史料，也会得出不同的结论。1943年刘文典应普洱（磨黑）大豪绅、盐商张孟希之邀，为其母撰墓志，张孟希赠他“云土”50两。他的普洱之行遭到了联大同事的非议，认为她不堪为人师表。闻一多强烈反对，坚决不再聘请。即使刘文典收到了聘书，也要收回。于是，刘文典被联大解聘。章玉政在“恩怨闻一多”这一章，有为刘文典翻案的意味。刘文典磨黑之行，章玉政解释为生计所迫；刘文典贪食鸦片，章玉政归结为缓解丧子之痛；刘文典被解聘，归结为与闻一多的恩怨和矛盾。刘文典被解聘的真正原因，在梅贻琦延迟回复刘文典的信中，说得很明白：“尊驾亦已于春间离校，致上学期联大课业不无困难。”刘文典的磨黑之行，“自问实无大过”，但犯了联大学者的大忌。精神独立，不依附任何权势，富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，这是联大学者的精神写照。

刘文典是一个有争议的人物，有魏晋风度和名士派头，这本传记抓住了刘文典的精神内核“狂”。章玉政认为，刘文典的“狂”，是一种对命运的抗争与努力，是一种对权贵的蔑视与逃离，是一种对尊严的坚守与把握。刘文典和他同时代的学者，在那个动荡起伏的时代，集体绽放“思想光芒”。

12．下列对刘文典的形象分析有误的两项是（  ）（5分）

A．人们熟悉的刘文典是一个风骨嶙峋、清高孤傲、特立独行的狂生的形象。

B．刘文典任安徽大学校长时，痛斥蒋介石为“新军阀”。

C．刘文典在西南联大时期，喝斥斥沈“你为何跑警报”；圆月之夜为联大学生讲《月赋》。

D．刘文典迷恋云南鸦片和火腿，被称为“二云居士”，最终因贪食鸦片离校未归而自动离职。E．刘文典是一个“狂人”，他的“狂”犯了联大学者的大忌。

13．文章说“作者这种严谨、细致、扎实的态度，使得这本传记建立在有价值的史料之上”的依据是什么？（4分）

答：                                                                

14．联大学者的精神写照是什么？依据文章内容，谈谈应怎样理解刘文典的“狂”。（6分）

答：                                                                        

B

“I sat-in at a restaurant for six months, and when they finally agreed to serve me, they didn’t have what I wanted”---so went a famous line. In reality, the sit-in movement was not a joke. It began in Greensboro, North Carolina, at 4:30 P.M., on the afternoon of February 1, 1960. On that day, Ezell Blair Jr., Joseph McNeil, David Richmond, and Franklin McClain entered an F.W. Woolworth store. They sat down at a segregated（隔离的）lunch counter, ordered coffee, and then refused to leave when told, ‘We don’t serve Negroes.”

The four young men had expected not to be served. What no one had expected, however, was that they would sit there and politely, but firmly, refuse to leave. This was 1960, and throughout the South black people were not allowed to sit at the same lunch counters with whites, swim at the same beaches, use the same water fountains, or worship at the same churches. Segregation was the law, and it meant separation of the races in every way.

The next day, the four returned to Woolworth’s---this time accompanied by sixteen other students. Again they sat at the lunch counter and requested service. Again they were refused. And again, they declined to leave. On Wednesday, February 3, seventy students filled the Woolworth’s store. This time, the group included white students as well as black. Many brought school books and studied while they waited. By this time, their protest had become known nationwide as a “sit-in”.

On Thursday, there was trouble. An angry group of white teenagers began shoving（推搡） and cursing them but were quickly removed by the police. By February 10, the sit-in movement had spread to five other states.

By September 1961, more than 70,000 people, both black and white, had participated in sit-ins at segregated restaurants and lunch counters, kneel-ins at segregated churches, read-ins at segregated libraries, and swim-ins at segregated pools and beaches. Over 3,600 people had been arrested, and more than 100 students had been driven away. But they were getting results. On June 10, 1964, the U.S Senate passed a major civil rights bill outlawing（宣布为非法）racial discrimination in all public places. President Lyndon Johnson signed it on July 2, and it became law. But the highest credit still goes to the four brave students from North Carolina who first sat-in and waited it out.

60. In this passage, “ sit-in” refers to _________.

A. an activity where people sit together and drink coffee freely

B. a bill which outlaws racial discrimination in all public places

C. a form in which people peacefully sit and decline to leave

D. a polite behavior that everyone enjoys

61. Which statement can be concluded from the fifth paragraph in the passage?

A. The sit-in movement was not successful.

B. The sit-in movement had a positive result.

C. Only black people participated in sit-ins.

D. A lot of protesters were arrested, with some students driven away from school

62. What was the purpose of the civil rights bill passed in 1964?

A. The highest credit went to the four brave students.

B. It declared that segregation was a law.

C. The students were allowed to participate in sit-ins.

D. It made racial segregation against the law in all public places.

63. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Segregation was the law in the South.

B. The first sit-in was in 1960.

C. The sit-ins helped to end segregation.

D. The civil rights bill was passed in 1964 by the U.S. Senate.

旅游者在出国旅游时，对其自身有何要求？

下列哪些疾病可合并穿孔

A．十二指肠壶腹部溃疡

B．急性胰腺炎

C．细菌性痢疾

D．肠伤寒

E．克罗恩病