试题与答案

某同学对MnO2、CuO、Fe2O3、Cr2O3在氯酸钾受热分解反应中的催化作用

题型:实验题

题目:

某同学对MnO2、CuO、Fe2O3、Cr2O3在氯酸钾受热分解反应中的催化作用进行了研究。实验所得数据如下表。就本实验的有关问题,请填空:

实验编号KClO3(g)氧化物产生气体(mL)(已折算为标况)耗时(s)
化学式质量(g)实际回收
10.610480
20.6MnO20.2090%67.236.5
30.6CuO0.2090%67.279.5
40.6Fe2O30.2090%67.234.7
50.6Cr2O30.20异常67.2188.3
 

(1)本实验的装置由下图三部分组成,其正确的接口连接顺序为                            

(2)为证明编号2的实验中MnO2起到催化作用,还要测定反应剩余物中MnO2的质量,实验的操作顺序是:溶解→                                       

(3)写出实验室中通过编号2制取氧气的化学方程式:                                    

(4)从上表实验数据分析,对氯酸钾受热分解有催化作用的物质,按其催化能力从大到小的顺序为     (填物质的化学式)。

(5)在进行编号5的实验时,有刺激性的黄绿色气体产生,该气体可能是      (填化学式),可用                                     试纸检验该气体,上述异常现象产生的原因是                                            

答案:

(1)a→c→b→d(2分)

(2)过滤→洗涤→干燥→称量(2分)

(3)2KClO32KCl+3O2↑(3分)

(4)Fe2O3、MnO2、CuO(3分)

(5)Cl2(2分);润湿的淀粉碘化钾(2分);氯酸钾与Cr2O3发生氧化还原反应,生成氯气。(2分)

题目分析:(1)根据排水法测气体体积的进气方式为:短管进气长管出水,所用连接顺序为a→c→b→d。

(2)MnO2难溶于水,测定反应剩余物MnO2的质量,要溶解、过滤、洗涤、干燥、称量。

(3)编号2为MnO2作催化剂,氯酸钾分解制取氧气,化学方程式为:2KClO32KCl+3O2

(4)根据生成相同体积氧气时所用时间的长短,Fe2O3作催化剂用时最短,MnO2作催化剂用时次之,CuO作催化剂用时最长,所以其催化能力从大到小的顺序为:Fe2O3 >MnO2 >CuO。

(5)用Cr2O3做研究实验时,发现有刺激性气味的气体产生,同时绿色的混合物变成了橘黄色,则Cr元素的化合价升高,Cl元素的化合价降低,氯酸钾在加热条件下将Cr2O3氧化为可溶性化合物,同时生成氯气,其化学式为Cl2,氯气能使湿润的淀粉碘化钾试纸变蓝,则可以使用湿润的淀粉碘化钾试纸检验氯气。

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You needn’t greet your teachers when you come into a very big class. If you are late for class, you may go into the classroom quietly. But you should say sorry to the teacher after class.

Answering questions

Don’t talk when somebody else is speaking. If you have something to say, you have to wait. When someone is speaking, you shouldn’t interrupt him or her. If you want to answer the teacher’s questions, you may stand up and speak loudly. It’s impolite to keep quiet when your teacher asks you questions. If you don’t know the answers, you can say “I’m sorry”.

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小题1:If you are late for class in American schools, what should you do?

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小题2:Is it polite to talk when someone else is speaking?

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小题3:When students want to answer the teacher’s questions, what should they do?

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小题4:In some American schools, students can’t do any things. Give an example.

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小题5:Why are the students’ bags sheer in some American school?

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