西欧殖民者向美洲贩卖非洲黑奴的根本原因在于[ ] A．美洲经济发展，劳动力缺乏

慢性阻塞性肺气肿发病的最主要因素是（）

A．感染

B．吸烟

C．大气污染

D．过敏反应

E．副交感神经功能亢进

1991年4月，甲、乙夫妇向丙、丁夫妇借款21500元，双方签订了借款抵押协议，规定借款月息4分，至1991年11月21日本息还清；以甲、乙所有的坐落在四平市铁东区金融大厦对面31号楼1单元7楼二室一厅(61平方米)房屋一处作为借款的抵押物，并进行房屋抵押登记。借款期满后，丙、丁多次向甲、乙要求偿还借款，但甲、乙推脱不还。 1992年4月2日，甲、乙背着抵押权人，将上述抵押房屋连同附属物品，以2万元的价格典给四平市银城典当拍卖商行。丙、丁得知后，即向四平市铁西区人民法院提起诉讼，请求宣布被告与银城典当拍卖商行之间的房屋典权设定行为无效，依法将此房判归原告所有。关于四平市银城典当拍卖商行在诉讼中的地位，下列说法中正确的是( )。

A．四千市银城典当拍卖商行在房屋抵押诉讼中为无独立请求权的第三人

B．四平市银城典当拍卖商行在诉讼中应为有独立请求权的第三人

C．四平市银城典当拍卖商行与此案处理结果有法律上的利害关系

D．四平市银城典当拍卖商行与此案处理结果无法律上的利害关系

A is for always getting to work on time.

B is for being extremely busy.

C is for the conscientious（勤勤恳恳的） way you do your job.

You may be all these things at the office, and more. But when it comes to getting ahead, experts say, the ABCs of business should include a P, for politics, as in office politics.

Dale Carnegie suggested as much more than 50 years ago: Hard work alone doesn’t ensure career advancement. You have to be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenes. Yet, despite the obvious rewards of engaging in office politics—a better job, a raise, praise—many people are still unable or unwilling—to “play the game”.

“People assume that office politics involves some manipulative（工于心计的） behavior,” says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at Hofstra University, “But politics derives from the word ‘polite’. It can mean lobbying（游说）and forming associations. It can mean being kind and helpful, or even trying to please your superior, and then expecting something in return.”

In fact, today, experts define office politics as proper behaviors used to pursue one’s own self-interest in the workplace. In many cases, this involves some forms of socializing within the office environment—not just in large companies, but in small workplaces as well.

“The first thing people are usually judged on is their ability to perform well on a consistent basis,” says Neil P.Lewis, a management psychologist. “But if two or three candidates are up for a promotion, each of whom has reasonably similar ability, a manager is going to promote the person he or she likes best. It’ s simple human nature.”

Yet, psychologists say, many employees and employers have trouble with the concept of politics in the office. Some people, they say, have an idealistic vision of work and what it takes to succeed. Still others associate politics with flattery(奉承), fearful that, if they speak up for themselves, they may appear to be flattering their boss for favors.

Experts suggest altering（改变） this negative picture by recognizing the need for some self-promotion.

小题1:“Office politics” （Line 2,Para.4） is used in the passage to refer to____.

A．the political views and beliefs of office workers

B．the interpersonal relationships within a company

C．the various qualities required for a successful career

D．the code of behavior for company staff小题2:Why are many people unwilling to "play the game" (Line 4, Para. 5) ?

A．They believe that doing so is impractical.

B．They feel that such behavior is unprincipled(不道德的).

C．They are not good at manipulating colleagues.

D．They think the effort will get them nowhere.小题3:To get promoted, one must not only be competent but____.

A．avoid being too outstanding

B．get along well with his colleagues

C．honest and loyal to his company

D．give his boss a good impression小题4:It is the author’ s view that____.

A．self-promotion does not necessarily mean flattery

B．hard work contributes very little to one’ s promotion

C．many employees fail to recognize the need of flattery

D．speaking up for oneself is part of human nature

迷信人把荒野中出现的忽明忽暗的亮光称为“鬼火”，这种现象实际是（　　）

A．燃烧

B．爆炸

C．缓慢氧化

D．自燃

混合离子交换柱中阴离子交换树脂与阳离子交换树脂通常按照（）的比例混合

A、1：1

B、2：1

C、3：1

D、4：1