试题与答案

简述财政配置资源的机制和手段。

题型:问答题 简答题

题目:

简述财政配置资源的机制和手段。

答案:

参考答案:

财政配置资源是通过财政收支活动来实现的。财政配置的机制和手段主要有:

(1)在明确社会主义市场经济中政府经济职能的前提下,确定社会公共需要的基本范围,确定财政收支占GDP的合理比例,从而实现资源配置总体效率。

(2)优化财政支出结构,保证重点支出,压缩一般支出,提高资源配置的结构效率。

(3)合理安排政府投资的规模和结构,保证国家的重点建设。

(4)通过政府投资、税收和补贴等手段,带动和促进民间投资、吸引外资和对外贸易,提高经济增长率。

(5)提高财政资源配置本身的效率。对每项生产性投资的确定和考核都要进行成本-效益分析,对于公用建筑和国防工程之类的属于不能回收的投资项目,财政拨款应视为这种工程的成本,力求以最少的耗费实现工程的高质量,甚至作为财政收入主要形式的税收,也存在税收收入与税收成本的对比问题。我国近年来编制部门预算、实行政府采购制度、实行集中收付制度、实行“收支两条线”管理制度以及加强税收征管等,都是提高财政资源配置效率的重大举措。

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