当空气中二氧化碳含量增加到（）的时候，人的呼吸就会受到抑制，以至麻木死亡。

在人体实验中下列做法合乎伦理的是

A．受试者有权知道自己是试验组还是对照组

B．受试者有权获知有关实验目的、性质、方法、潜在危险等的详细信息

C．试验者必须引导病人及其家属知情同意

D．受试者只要参加实验，就不得退出

E．以无行为能力的人作为受试者，不需要贯彻知情同意原则

根据有关银行汇票的规定，银行汇票的签发人是( )。

A．出票银行

B．收款人

C．付款人

D．收款人或者付款人

Testing has replaced teaching in most public schools. My own children's school week is framed by pretests, drills, tests, and retests. They know that the best way to read a textbook is to look at the questions at the end of the chapter and then skim the text for the answers. I believe that my daughter Erica, who gets excellent marks, has never read a chapter of any of her school textbooks all the way through. And teachers are often heard to state proudly and openly that they teach to the mandated (国家指定的) state test.

Teaching to the test is a curious phenomenon. Instead of deciding what skills students ought to learn, helping students learn them, and then using some reasonable methods of assessment to discover whether students have mastered the skills, teachers are encouraged to reverse the process. First, one looks at a commercially available test. Then, one distills (提取) the skills needed not to master reading, say, or math, but to do well on the test. Finally, the test skills are taught.

The ability to read or write or calculate might infer the ability to do reasonably well on standardized tests. However, neither reading nor writing develops simply through being taught to take tests. We must be careful to avoid mistaking preparation for a test of a skill with the acquisition of that skill. Too many discussions of the basics of skills make this fundamental confusion because people are test-centered rather than concerned with the nature and quality of what is taught.

Recently, many schools have faced what could be called the crisis of comprehension or, in simple terms, the phenomenon of students with phonic and grammar skills still being unable to understand what they read. These students are capable of taking tests and filling in workbooks. However, they have little or no experience reading or thinking, and talking about what they read. They know the details but can't see or understand the whole. They are taught to be so concerned with grade that they have' no time or ease of mind to think about meaning, and reread things if necessary.

小题1:As is indicated in the second paragraph, the author finds it strange that __.

A．tests are used to assess students' skills

B．skills are determined before tests are set

C．teaching is aimed to prepare students for tests

D．teachers use some reasonable methods of assessment小题2:The crisis of comprehension most probably results from __.

A．students' poor phonic and grammar skills

B．teaching that takes up much of students' free time

C．teaching that emphasizes details rather than the whole

D．students' lack of ability to think about what they read小题3:According to the author, we can infer that __.

A．the basics of skills have been discussed too much

B．the nature and quality of what is taught are fully concerned

C．skills in general are not only useless but often mislead students

D．doing well in a test does not necessarily mean acquiring the skill

太子参的功效为补气健脾、生津润肺。

分层抽样原则是（）

A.在总体中，各部分元素之间的差异要大于各部分元素之内的差异

B.在总体中，各部分元素之间的差异要小于各部分元素之内的差异

C.在总体中，各部分元素之间的差异要等于各部分元素之内的差异

D.编号元素的性质不能出现规律性变化