在异菸酸钠-巴比妥酸钠测定氰化物方法中，加入氯胺T溶液时，反应溶液的酸碱性为（）.A

在识别和评估与会计估计相关的重大错报风险时，下列各项中，A注册会计师认为应当了解的有()。

A.与会计估计相关的财务报告编制基础的规定

B.甲公司管理层如何识别需要作出会计估计的交易、事项和情况

C.甲公司管理层如何作出会计估计

D.会计估计所依据的数据

通常程序中的一个模块完成一个适当的子功能，应该把模块组织成良好的( )。

A．紧耦合系统

B．松散结构

C．层次系统

D．系统结构

人类正面临着全球变暖的挑战。联合国的一份报告向我们描述了气候变化将产生的灾难性后果；森林消失和沙漠扩大，将使非洲成为受影响最广的地区；热带流行的疟疾和寄生虫病将向北蔓延，使欧洲出现流行病；地中海地区由于严重缺水将会半沙漠化，滑雪运动在欧洲将会荡然无存；在英国，肆虐的冬季风暴将变得司空见惯，东部的某些地方可能因变得过于干旱而无法种植各类作物。另外，一些河流水量将大大减少甚至干涸，饮用水源遭到破坏，昔日绕道而行的台风将频频袭击日本，致使短时间内大量降水，洪水泛滥，城市淹没，山体滑坡，交通中断；而最为严重的影响是地球上数以百万计的人将由于海岸线受侵蚀、海岸被淹没和农业生产遭破坏而被迫离开家园。 最新的一项研究表明，到21世纪末，地球平均气温将比现在升高3℃。这一预测是以近年来地球气温升高的现象和温室效应为依据的。温室效应，在物理学上是指透射阳光的密闭空间由于与外界缺乏对流等热交换而产生的保温效应。大气层中的二氧化碳在大气层中的含量直接影响着地表热量向空间的散失，使大气层保持一定的热能。二氧化碳在大气层中的含量直接影响着地表气温，当大气层中的二氧化碳增加时，地表气温就相应升高。科学家认为，大气中的二氧化碳在地球环境的演化中起着极其重要的作用，如果没有大气层的保温作用，全球气温将为-4℃，而现在的全球平均气温为16℃。科学家们预言，人类如不采取果断和必要的措施，到2030年，大气中二氧化碳的含量将比1850年工业革命时增加一倍。 导致大气层中二氧化碳含量上升的原因是显而易见的。工业革命开始以后，化石燃料(煤炭、石油、天然气)的燃烧量越来越大，使大气中二氧化碳的浓度不断增加。同时，雷击、虫害、砍伐造成的森林火灾、草地衰退和森林破坏也使能够吸收二氧化碳的绿色植物遭到破坏。所以，要控制全球变暖，必须改变能源结构，大力植树造林。有科学家指出，只有以核燃料代替化石燃料，才能从根本上防止温室效应的加剧。 气候是人类赖以生存的条件，全球气候变暖是人类自身活动所造成的灾难。我们必须树立全球共同性的大气环境观念，为自身的生存和发展，爱护头顶上的这片蓝天。

下列对“温室效应”这一概念的理解准确的一项是（）。

A．指由于与外界缺乏对流等热交换，能够接受阳光的一定的密闭空间中所产生的一种保温效应

B．指二氧化碳等温室气体剧增以后，又与外界缺乏对流等热交换，从而使地表气温相应升高的效应

C．指在接受阳光的密闭空间中能够影响地表气温的二氧化碳含量增加，使地表气温相应升高的效应

D．指大气层中主要的温室气体，通过减少地表热量向空间散失，在特定密闭空间中产生的保温效应

Surprisingly enough, modern historians have rarely interested themselves in the history of the American South in the period before the South began to become self-consciously and distinctively " Southern"—the decades after 1815. Consequently, the cultural history of Britain’s North American empire in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries has been written almost as if the Southern colonies had never existed. The American culture that emerged during the Colonial and Revolutionary eras has been depicted as having been simply an extension of New England Puritan culture.

However, Professor Davis has recently argued that the South stood apart from the rest of American society during this early period, following its own unique pattern of cultural development. The case for Southern distinctiveness rests_ upon two related premises: first, that the cultural similarities among the five Southern colonies were far more impressive than the differences, and second, that what made those colonies alike also made them different from the other colonies. The first, for which Davis offers an enormous amount of evidence, can be accepted without major recitations, the second is far more problematic.

What makes the second premise problematic is the use of the Puritan colonies as a basis for comparison. Quite properly,Davis decries the excessive influence ascribed by historians to the Puritans in the formation of American culture. Yet Davis inadvertently adds weight to such ascriptions by using the Puritans as the standard against which to assess the achievements and contributions of Southern colonials. Throughout, Davis focuses on the important and undeniable differences between the Southern and Puritan colonies in motives for and patterns of early settlement, in attitudes toward nature and Native Americans, and in the degree of receptivity to metropolitan cultural influences.

However, recent scholarship has ply suggested that those aspects of early New England culture that seem to have been most distinctly Puritan, such as the p religious orientation and the communal impulse, were not even typical of New England as a whole, but were largely confined to the two colonies of Massachusetts and Connecticut. Thus, what in contrast to the Puritan colonies appears to Davis to be peculiarly Southern-acquisitiveness. A p interest in polities and the law, and a tendency to cultivate metropolitan cultural models were not only more typically English than the cultural patterns exhibited by Puritan Massachusetts and Connecticut, but also almost certainly characteristic of most other early modern British colonies from Barbados north to Rhode Island and New Hampshire. Within the larger framework of American colonial life, then, not the Southern but the Puritan colonies appear to have been distinctive, and even they seem to have been rapidly assimilating to the dominant cultural patterns by the last Colonial period.

The word "premises" (Pard. 2) most probably means（）

A. presupposition

B.prestigious

C. prevalent

D. prejudice

工程项目施工应建立以（）为首的生产经营管理系统。

A.总承包商

B.项目总工程师

C.业主

D.项目经理