目前认为癌症是由（） A.环境因素引起的 B.遗传因素引起的 C.辐射引起的 D.环

种群是指一个生态系统中[ ]

A．同种生物所有成熟个体的总和

B．所有生物成熟个体的总和

C．同种生物所有个体的总和

D．所有生物个体的总和

张力性气胸X线显示为（）

A.肋膈角消失

B.反常呼吸运动

C.胸闷、憋气

D.肺萎缩，气管偏向健侧

E.心前区疼痛

阅读理解。

     You are busy filling out the application form for a position you really need; let's assume you once actually

completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isn't it tempting to lie

just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma (文凭) represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished

an extra couple of years back at State University?

     More and more people are turning to an utter deception (欺骗) like this to land their first job or to move

ahead in their careers. For personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A

job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better

with a diploma from a well-known university. Registrars (学籍管理员) at most well-known colleges say that

they deal with dishonest claims like these at the rate of about one per week.

     Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms. If it turns out that an applicant is

lying, most colleges are unwilling to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school refers to them as

"special cases." One well-known West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says these

claims are made by "no such people".

     To avoid complete lies, some job seekers claim that they "attended" or "were associated with" a college

or university. After careful checking, a personnel officer may discover that "attending" means being dismissed

after one semester. It may be that "being associated with" a college means that the job-seeker visited his

younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice

dates back at least to the turn of the center-that's when they began keeping records, anyhow.

     If you don't want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a fake diploma.

One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any

number of nonexistent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from "Smoot State

University". The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the "University of Purdue." As there is no Smoot

State and the real school in Indiana is properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one

sheet of paper.

1. The writer mainly wants to tell us that _____.

A. college degrees can now be purchased easily

B. nowadays it is very hard for people to find jobs

C. lying about college degrees is becoming a widespread problem

D. employers are no longer interested in applicants' actual performances

2. As used in the first line of the second paragraph, the word "utter" means _____.

A. thorough

B. careful

C. incomplete

D. spoken

3. Once finding applicants with false diplomas, most colleges would _____.

A. keep the records of them

B. drive the them out of college

C. avoid direct conflicts with them

D. accuse them of such behaviors

4. We can learn from the passage that _____.

A. US employers value their job applicants with a degree from top universities

B. University of Purdue and Purdue University are the same school

C. people with fake diplomas can get their first jobs in US easily

D. people pay the same price for a fake diploma from different universities

Almost all cultures celebrate the end of one year and the beginning of another in some way. Different cultures celebrate the beginning of a new year in different ways, and at different times on the calendar.

In western countries, people usually celebrate New Year at midnight on January 1st. People may go to parties, dress in formal clothes—like tuxedos(小礼服)and evening gowns, and drink champagne at midnight. During the first minutes of the New Year, people cheer and wish each other happiness for the year ahead. But some cultures prefer to celebrate the New Year by waking up early to watch the sun rise. They welcome the New Year with the first light of the sunrise.

It is also a common Western custom to make a New Year’s promise, called a resolution. New Year’s resolutions usually include promises to try something new or change a bad habit in the new year.

Many cultures also do special things to get rid of bad luck at the beginning of a new year. For example, in Ecuador, families make a big doll from old clothes. The doll is filled with old newspapers and firecrackers. At midnight, these dolls are burned to show the bad things from the past year are gone and the new year can start afresh (again). Other common traditions to keep away bad luck in a new year include throwing things into rivers or the ocean, or saying special things on                the first day of the new year.

Other New Year traditions are followed to bring good luck is to eat grapes on New Year’s Day. The more grapes a person eats, the more good luck the person will have in the year. In France, people eat pancakes for good luck at New Year. In the United States, some people eat black– eyed peas(豇豆)for good luck——but to get good luck for a whole year you have to eat 365 of them!

小题1:Which culture celebrates New Year in the morning?

A．The United States.

B．Spain.

C．France.

D．The passage doesn’t say.小题2:According to the third paragraph, what is a resolution?

A．Something you burn.

B．Something you eat.

C．Something you say.

D．Something you wear.小题3:What is the topic of the fourth paragraph?

A．Bringing good luck.

B．Keeping away bad luck.

C．Planning for the next year.

D．Remembering the past.小题4:Which is probably true about eating black – eyed peas on New Year?

A．Black-eyed peas taste bad.

B．The peas are very difficult to cook.

C．One pea brings one day of luck.

D．It is bad luck to eat a lot of black-eyed peas.