下列关于热现象的说法中正确的是（） A.深秋的早晨，枯草上的霜是水凝固形成的 B.夏

简述个别化教学的基本环节。

怯薛

1492年，哥伦布航行到达美洲，开启了世界历史的新时代。

阅读材料，回答问题。

问题一：偶然与必然有人认为，哥伦布是因为“迷路了”，才偶然“发现”了美洲。也有人认为，当时即使没有哥伦布，也必然会有别人“发现”美洲。  

（l）据材料并结合所学知识，谈谈你的观点并说明理由。

问题二：发现与相遇 15、16世纪以来人们通常使用“哥伦布发现美洲”的提法，“发现”的意思是“使所有的人和所有的民族都并入欧洲文明”。1984年，部分拉美学者倡议改称“美洲发现—两个文明汇合”。1992年，联合国教科文组织主张以“两个大陆相遇500年”为主题，举行哥伦布航抵美洲纪念活动。

（2）“发现美洲”的提法是站在什么立场上看待哥伦布远航美洲的？“两个文明汇合”和“两个大陆相遇”提法的合理性是什么？

问题三：交流与发展哥伦布明清时期的中国世界市场历史机遇

（3）结合所学知识，运用以上四个词语，以“交流与发展”为主题写一则历史短文。要求：

①紧扣主题，观点合理； ②史实准确，史论结合；

③条理清晰，合乎逻辑： ④字数在120字左右。

People like different kinds of vacations. Some go camping. They swim, fish, cook over a fire and sleep outside. Others like to stay at a hotel in an exciting city. They go shopping all day and go dancing all night. Or maybe they go sightseeing to places such as Disneyland, the Tai Mahan or the Louver.

Some people are bored with sightseeing trips. They don’t want to be “tourists”. They want to have an adventure--a surprising and exciting trip. They want to learn something and maybe help people too. How can they do this? Some travel companies and environmental groups are planning special adventures. Sometimes these trips are difficult and full of hardships, but they’re a lot of fun. One organization, Earth watch, sends small groups of volunteers to different parts of the world. Some volunteers spend two weeks and study the environment. Others work with animals. Others learn about people of the past.

Would you like an adventure in the Far North? A team of volunteers is leaving from Mormons, Russia. The leader of this trip is a professor from Alaska. He’s worried about chemicals from factories. He and the volunteers will study this pollution in the environment. If you like exercise and cold weather, this is a good trip for you. Volunteers need ski sixteen kilometers every day.

Do you enjoy ocean animals? You can spend two to four weeks in Hawaii. There, you can teach language to dolphins. Dolphins can follow orders such as “Bring me the large ball.” They also understand opposites. How much more can they understand? It will be exciting to learn about these intelligent animals. Another study trip goes to Washington State and follows orcas. We call orcas “killer Whale”, but they’re really dolphins—the largest kind of dolphin. This beautiful animal travels together in family groups. They move through the ocean with their mothers, grandmothers and great-grandmothers. Ocean pollution is chasing their lives. Earth watch is studying how this happens.

Are you interested in history? Then Greece is the place for your adventure. Thirty-five hundred years ago a volcano exploded there, on Santorum. This explosion was more terrible than Karate or Mount Saint Helens. But today we know a lot about the way of life of the people from that time. There are houses, kitchens, and paintings as interesting as those in Pompeii. Today teams of volunteers are learning more about people from the past.

Do you want a very different vacation? Do you want to travel far, work hard and learn a lot? Then an Earth watch vacation is for you.

小题1:The Tai Mahan may be _______.

A．a shopping center

B．a hotel　

C．a dancing hall

D．a place of interest小题2:From the passage, on an adventure trip, people ______.

A．may not spend much time on sightseeing

B．won’t meet some difficulties or hardships

C．can’t enjoy them

D．can’t learn something小题3:If you want to learn something about people of the past, you can _______.

A．join the team to Hawaii

B．join the team to the Far North

C．join the team to Washington

D．join the team to Greece小题4:The word intelligent in paragraph 4 means _______.

A．exciting

B．beautiful

C．large

D．clever小题5:Which of the following is false?

A．Some people find sightseeing trips boring.

B．Earth watch is planning all these special adventures.

C．The number of orcas is decreasing.

D．3 volcano explosions in all broke out 3, 500 years ago in Greece.

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