试题与答案

女性,60岁,患慢性肾炎8年。近日水肿加重,经常恶心、尿少,血压170/97mmHg

题型:单项选择题 A3/A4型题

题目:

女性,60岁,患慢性肾炎8年。近日水肿加重,经常恶心、尿少,血压170/97mmHg,血尿素氮23mmol/L,肌酐460μmmol/L,肾小球滤过率25mL/min,诊断为慢性肾衰竭尿毒症期。尿毒症营养治疗的基本原则是增加必需氨基酸,减少非必需氨基酸,减轻肾脏负担,改善内环境。

对α-酮酸疗法优点的叙述,错误的是()。

A.α-酮酸与氨结合,加速尿素氮的排泄

B.α-酮酸本身不含氮

C.α-酮酸含钙盐可纠正钙磷代谢

D.减轻甲状旁腺功能亢进

E.减少透析次数

答案:

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     Lunar New Year has long been the most important cultural celebration on the Chinese calendar. And

even for those who scoff (嘲笑) at superstition (迷信), Chinese New Year customs can  bring a welcome sense of renewal to a seemingly endless winter.

1. Clean Your House

     The Chinese make sure to sweep every corner of a room to rid their homes ghosts and bad luck

associated with the old year. If negative spirits don't hide in your living room, chances are a layer of dust

and grime (污垢) from dry heat and slushy (有泥有雪的) boots does. Get a jump on your spring

cleaning while the weather outside's still frightful enough to keep you stuck indoors

2. Get a Mini Makeover

     In China, it's customary to get a haircut and new clothes for the new year. The idea is that with a new

look, bad spirits won't recognize a person and follow them into the new year.

3. Make Apologies

     Carrying grudges (怨恨) into the new year is a no-go according to Chinese tradition, so differences

with family, friends, and associates must be settled before New Year's Eve. If your shoulders are

sagging(向下凹,下陷) from the weight of a grudge or two, take the initiative to resolve them.

4. Pay Off Your Debts

     Like grudges, old debts are a bad omen (预兆) for a new year. No matter which calendar you follow,

there's no time like the present to settle any outstanding accounts and repay loans from friends and

relatives.

5. Spend Time With Your Family

     In China, offices and stores close down for Chinese New Year and people spend days travelling to

their hometowns to reconnect with family, feast, and simply enjoy the company of their loved ones.

1. According to the passage, Chinese New Year customs          .

A. are foolish acts associated with superstition      

B. bring happiness to Chinese people

C. imply the ending of the winter                

D. are neglected by many people

2. Traditionally, the purpose of cleaning the house is to          .

A. get rid of evils and misfortune                

B. find out the bad spirits in the rooms

C. clean up all the dust and grime                

D. keep away the bad weather

3. Customarily, what may happen if you began a new year without a new look? 

A. Your friends will not recognize you.            

B. You will be looked down upon.

C. You will be seen as lack of good luck.          

D. You will be followed by a bad guy.

4. According to the passage, which of the following is also Chinese tradition?

A. Exchanging gifts.    

B. Have family union.    

C. Share debts.    

D. Set goals.

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