单项选择题：下列关于吗啡的叙述，哪种说法是错误的（） A.主要在肝脏与葡萄糖醛酸结合而失效 B.

题目：

下列关于吗啡的叙述，哪种说法是错误的（）

A.主要在肝脏与葡萄糖醛酸结合而失效

B.使胃肠道括约肌收缩

C.引起针尖样瞳孔

D.松弛膀胱平滑肌，引起尿潴留

E.增加胆道平滑肌张力，增加胆道内压力

答案：

参考答案：D

解析：游离型吗啡迅速分布于全身组织，少量通过血脑屏障进入中枢发挥作用。60%～70%在肝中与葡萄糖醛酸结合，10%脱甲基生成去甲吗啡；主要代谢产物吗啡-6-葡萄糖苷酸的镇痛活性明显强于吗啡。治疗量吗啡可引起胆道平滑肌和括约肌收缩，胆道和胆囊内压增高。治疗量吗啡增强子宫平滑肌张力，延长产程，影响分娩；增强膀胱括约肌张力，导致尿潴留；对输尿管也有收缩作用。胆绞痛和肾绞痛患者不宜单独使用吗啡。对支气管哮喘患者，治疗量吗啡可诱发哮喘，禁用。吗啡兴奋胃肠道平滑肌和括约肌，引起痉挛，使胃排空和推进性肠蠕动减弱。针尖样瞳孔常作为诊断吗啡过量中毒的重要依据之一。

完形填空。
It was the golden season. I could see the yellow leaves 1 on the cool 2 . In such a season, I liked walking alone in the leaves, listening to the sound of them. Autumn is a 3 season and life is uninteresting. The free days always get me 4 . But one day, the sound of a violin 5 into my ears like a stream flowing in the mountains. I was so surprised that I jumped to see what it was. A young girl, standing in the wind, was 6 in playing her violin. I had 7 seen her before. The music was so attractive that I listened quietly. Lost in the music, I didn't realize that I had been 8 there for so long but my 9 did not seem to disturb (打扰) her. Leaves were still falling. Every day she played the violin in the corner of the building 10 I went downstairs to watch her performance. I was the only audience (观众). The autumn seemed no longer lonely and life became 11 . 12 we didn't know each other, I thought we were already good friends. I believed she also liked me. Autumn was nearly over. One day, when I was listening devotedly (专心地), the sound suddenly stopped. To my 13 the girl came over to me. "You must like violin," she said. "Yes. And you play very well. Why did you stop?" I asked. Suddenly, a 14 expression appeared on her face and I could feel something unusual. "I came here to see my grandmother, but now I must leave. I once played very badly. It was your listening every day that 15 me. " she said. "In fact, it was your playing 16 gave me a meaningful autumn." I answered. "Let us be friends." The girl smiled and I smiled. I never heard her play again in my life. I no longer went downstairs to listen like before. Only thick leaves were left behind. But I will always remember the fine figure (倩影) of the girl. She is like a 17 ; so short, so bright, like a shooting star giving off so much light that it makes the autumn beautiful. There are many kinds of friends. Some are always 18 you, but don't understand you. Some say only a few words to you, but are close to you. Many people will step in your life, but only 19 friends leave footprints (足迹). I shall always recall (回忆) the autumn and the girl with the 20 . She will always bring back the friendship between us. I know she will always be my best friend.
( )1. A. shaking ( )2. A. wind ( )3. A. lively ( )4. A. up ( )5. A. flowed ( )6. A. lost ( )7. A. ever ( )8. A. waiting ( )9. A. existence(存在) ( )10. A. where ( )11. A. interesting ( )12. A. But ( )13. A. astonishment(惊讶) ( )14. A. happy ( )15. A. surprised ( )16. A. that ( )17. A. song ( )18. A. with ( )19. A. good ( )20. A. sound	B. hanging B. snow B. lovely B. off B. grew B. active B. never B. stopping B. thought B. so B. moving B. However B. delight(高兴) B. sad B. excited B. which B. dream B. for B. true B. song	C. falling C. air C. harvest C. down C. entered C. busy C. often C. standing C. steps C. when C. encouraging C. Even C. pride C. strange C. encouraged C. it C. fire C. against C. new C. play	D. floating(漂动) D. rain D. lonely D. over D. ran D. interested D. usually D. hearing D. breath D. but D. exciting D. Though D. satisfaction(满意) D. surprised D. interested D. who D. wind D. to D. old D. violin