分泌性腹泻（） A.先天性乳糖酶缺乏腹泻 B.麦胶性肠病 C.胰性霍乱综合征 D.肠

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Sadness is unpleasant, and in a society where personal happiness is prized above all else, there is little tolerance for falling in despair. Especially now we’ve got drugs for getting rid of sad feelings — whether it’s after losing a job, the break-up of a relationship or the death of a loved one. So it’s no surprise that more and more people are taking them.

But is this really such a good idea? A growing number of voices from the world of mental health research are saying it isn’t. They fear that the increasing tendency to treat normal sadness as a disease is playing fast and loose (行为轻率). Sadness, they argue, serves a useful purpose—and if we lose it, we lose out. Yet many psychiatrists (精神病医生) insist not. Sadness has a nasty habit of turning into depression(抑郁), they warn. Even when people are sad for good reason, they should take drugs to make themselves feel better.

So who is right? Is sadness something we cannot live without or something horrible never to touch?

There are lots of ideas about why feeling sad should become part of human life. It may be a self-protection strategy, as other primates (灵长类) also show signs of sadness. A losing monkey that doesn’t show sadness after it loses a fight may be seen as continuing to challenge the winning monkey — and that could result in death.

In humans sadness has a further function: we may display sadness as a form of communication. By acting sad, we tell other community members that we need support.

Then there is the idea that creativity is connected to dark moods. There are plenty of great artists, writers and musicians who have suffered from depression or disorder. Scientists found that people with signs of depression performed better at a creative task, and negative moods make people think deeply over the unhappy experience, which allows creative processes to come to the front. There is also evidence that too much happiness can be bad for your career. A doctor found that people who scored 8 out of 10 on a happiness test were more successful in income and education than 9s or 10s. The happiest people lose their willingness to make changes to their lives that may benefit them.

53. The underlined word “this ” refers to ________.

A. taking medicine   B. falling in despair              C. losing a job              D. feeling sad

54. The author believes sadness is ________.

A. a good thing for people’s health            B. something horrible never to touch

C. a necessary function of humans’       D. always to be treated as depression

55. Some animals show their sadness in order to ________.

A. cheat their enemy                                B. protect themselves 

C. comfort the loser                               D. challenge the winner

56. We can infer from the last paragraph that ________.

A. people with great creativity tend to be happier   

B. unhappy experiences contribute to a greater career

C. too much happiness can be bad for your career

D. the happiest people are the most successful ones

小分子营养物质通过______进入______的过程就是营养物质的吸收．

患者，男，56岁，进食梗噎感，胸骨后异物感1个月，食管钡透见食管下段黏膜紊乱、断裂、管壁僵硬。

最可能的诊断为（）

A.食管癌

B.食管炎

C.食管静脉曲张

D.食管平滑肌瘤

E.贲门失弛缓症

类风湿关节炎缓解期间，指导病人活动的目的是

A．防止疾病复发
B．保持关节功能位
C．防止关节畸形
D．减少晨僵发生
E．避免关节废用

某钢筋混凝土框架边梁，矩形截面尺寸为500mm×500mm，计算跨度l₀为6.3m，框架边梁上作用有两根次梁传来的集中力设计值P=150kN，边梁上的均布荷载设计值(包括自重)q=9kN/m，如图所示。框架边梁的混凝土强度等级为C25，纵筋采用HRB400级，箍筋采用HPB300级钢筋。已知框架边梁支座截面弯矩设计值M=226.64kN·m，剪力设计值V=153.35kN，扭矩设计值T=50kN·m。结构安全等级二级。取a_s=。

框架边梁的跨中底部纵向受力钢筋的最小配筋率（%），与下列何项数值最为接近？（）

A．0.19

B．0.25

C．0.33

D．0.41