最终导致纸的发明的文献载体是（）。 A.帛书 B.简牍 C.石头 D.青铜器

两个相似三角形面积的比为9：16，其中小三角形的周长为36cm，求另一个三角形的周长．

1937年日本发动_____________大举进攻上海；之后，又攻陷国民政府首都_____________，国民政府迁往_____________，作为战时陪都。

现金比率指标是评价企业短期偿债能力大小最为可信的指标。( )

试题一(共15分)阅读下列说明和图，回答问题1至问题4，将解答填入答题纸的对应栏内。[说明]某电子商务系统采用以数据库为中心的集成方式改进购物车的功能，详细需求如下：1．加入购物车。顾客浏览商品，点击加入购物车，根据商品标识从商品表中读取商品信息，并更新购物车表。2．浏览购物车。顾客提交浏览购物车请求后，显示出购物车表中的商品信息。3．提交订单。顾客点击提交订单请求，后台计算购物车表中商品的总价(包括运费)加入订单表，将购物车表中的商品状态改为待付款，显示订单详情。若商家改变价格，则刷新后可看到更改后的价格。4．改变价格。商家查看订购自家商品的订单信息，根据特殊优惠条件修改价格，更新订单表中的商品价格。5．付款。顾客点击付款后，系统先根据顾客表中关联的支付账户，将转账请求(验证码、价格等)提交给支付系统(如信用卡系统)进行转账：然后根据转账结果返回支付状态并更改购物车表中商品的状态。6．物流跟踪。商家发货后，需按订单标识添加物流标识(物流公司、运单号)；然后可根据顾客或商家的标识以及订单标识，查询订单表中的物流标识，并从相应物流系统查询物流信息。7．生成报表。根据管理员和商家设置的报表选项，从订单表、商品表以及商品分类表中读取数据，调用第三方服务Crystal Reports生成相关报表。8．维护信息。管理员维护(增、删、改、查)顾客表、商品分类表和商品表中的信息。现采用结构化方法实现上述需求，在系统分析阶段得到如图1-1所示的顶层数据流图和图1-2所示的0层数据流图。

[问题2](4分)使用说明中的词语，给出图1-2中的数据存储D1～D4的名称。

Increasingly, historians are blaming diseases imported from the Old World for the great disparity between the native population of America in 1492--new estimates of which jump as high as 100 million, or approximately one-sixth of the human race at that time--and the few million full-blooded Native Americans alive at the end of the nineteenth century. There is no doubt that chronic disease was an important factor in the sharp decline, and it is highly probable that the greatest killer was epidemic disease, especially as manifested in virgin-soil epidemics.

Virgin-soil epidemics are those in which the populations at risk have had no previous contact with the diseases that strike them and are therefore immunologically almost defenseless. That virgin-soil epidemics were important in American history is ply indicated by evidence that a number of dangerous maladies--smallpox, measles, malaria, yellow fever, and undoubtedly several more--were unknown in the pre-Columbian New World. The effects of their sudden introduction are demonstrated in the early chronicles of America, which contain reports of horrible epidemics and steep population declines, confirmed in many cases by quantitative analyzes of Spanish tribute records and other sources. The evidence provided by the documents of British and French colonies is not as definitive because the conquerors of those areas did not establish permanent settlements and began to keep continuous records until the seventeenth century, by which time the worst epidemics had probably already taken place. Furthermore, the British tended to drive the native populations away, rather than to enslave them as the Spaniards did; so that the epidemics of British America occurred beyond the range of colonists’ direct observation.

Even so, the surviving records of North America do contain references to deadly epidemics among the native population. In 1616--1619 an epidemic, possibly of pneumonic plague, swept coastal New England, killing as many as nine out of ten. During the 1630’s smallpox, the disease most fatal to the Native American people, eliminated half the population of the Huron and Iroquois confederations. In the 1820’s fever ruined the people of the Columbia River area, killing eight out of ten of them.

Unfortunately, the documentation of these and other epidemics is slight and frequently unreliable, and it is necessary to supplement what little we de know with evidence from recent epidemics among Native Americans. For example, in 1952 an outbreak of measles among the Native American inhabitants of Ungava Bay, Quebec, affected 99 percent of the population and killed 7 percent, even though some had the benefit of modern medicine. Cases such as this demonstrate that even diseases that are not normally fatal can have destroying consequences when they strike an immunologically defenseless community.

Notes: disparity 差距。 virgin-soil处女地。 malady 疾病 chronicle 编年史。 tribute 贡品。 pneumonic plague肺鼠疫。confederation 同盟。 smallpox 天花。measles 麻疹。

According to the text, virgin-soil epidemics can be distinguished from other catastrophic outbreaks of disease in that virgin-soil epidemics（）

A. recur more frequently than chronic diseases

B. involve populations with no prior exposure to a disease

C. usually involve a number of interacting diseases

D. are less responsive to medical treatment than are other diseases