Rumour（谣言）is the most primitive way of spreading stories--- by passing them on from mouth to mouth. but civilized countries in normal times have better sources of news than rumour. They have radio, television, and newspapers. In times of confusion（混乱）, however, rumour appears and becomes widespread. At such times the different kinds of news are in competition: the press, television, and radio against the grapevine.
Especially do rumours spread when war requires control on many important matters. The normal news sources no longer give out enough information. Since the people can not learn through legal channels all that they are anxious to learn, they pick up "news" wherever they can and when this happens, rumour grows.
Rumours are often repeated even by those who do not believe the tales. There is an interest about them. The reason is that the cleverly designed rumour gives expression to something deep in the hearts of the victims --- the fears, doubts, forbidden hopes, or daydreams which they hesitate to voice directly. Pessimistic（悲观的）rumours about defeat and disasters show that the people who repeat them are worried and anxious .Optimistic rumours about record production or peace soon coming point to self- satisfaction or confidence---and often to over- confidence.
小题1:The author suggests that, in times of confusion, man often __________.
A．stops regular news services
B．turns to primitive ways for support
C．distrusts his fellow man
D．loses complete control of himself小题2:The underlined word "grapevine" in Paragraph 1 probably means "__________”.
A．rumour
B．newspaper
C．information
D．time小题3:The author states that during wartime the regular sources of news provide only __________ .
A．false information
B．optimistic reports
C．limited information
D．pessimistic reports小题4:Which of the following statements is mentioned as a reason for people to repeat a rumour?
A．They are too willing to believe.
B．They take an interest in rumour.
C．They have a strong desire to make a fool of other people.
D．They find some rumours reflect their own unexpressed beliefs.
