试题与答案

(16分)工业上可以在恒容密闭容器中采用下列反应制备甲醇: CO(g)+2H2(

题型:填空题

题目:

(16分)工业上可以在恒容密闭容器中采用下列反应制备甲醇:

CO(g)+2H2(g)CH3OH(g)

(1)下列情况可以作为判断反应达到平衡状态的依据的是(填序号)                

A.生成CH3OH 的速率与消耗H2的速率之比为1︰2

B.混合气体的平均相对分子质量保持不变

C.混合气体的密度保持不变

D.体系内的压强保持不变

(2)下表所列数据为该反应在不同温度下的化学平衡常数:

温度/℃250300350
K2.0410.2700.012
 

①反应的平衡常数表达式为K=          。由上表数据判断,该反应的△H    0(填“>”、“=”或“<”)。升高温度,正反应速率       (填“增大”、“减小”或“不变”)。

②某温度下,将2molCO和6molH2充入一个容积为2L的密闭容器中,达到平衡时c(H2)=1.4mol/L,则CO的转化率为        ,此时的温度为         

(3)欲提高CO的转化率,可采取的措施是                。(填序号)

A.升温

B.加入更高效的催化剂

C.恒容条件下充入CO

D.恒容条件下充入H

E.恒容条件下充入氦气

F.及时移走CH3OH

(4)一定条件下,CO和H2在催化剂作用下生成1molCH3OH的能量变化为90.8kJ。该温度下,在三个容积相同的密闭容器中,按不同方式投料,保持恒温、恒容,测得反应达到平衡时的有关数据如下:

容器
投料方式1molCO、2molH21molCH3OH2molCH3OH
平衡数据C(CH3OH)/(mol/L)c1c2c3
体系压强(Pa)p1p2p3
反应的能量变化akJbkJckJ
原料转化率α1α2α3
 

下列分析正确的是             。(填序号)

A.2c1<c3        B.2 p1<p3     C.|a|+|b|=90.8     D.α1+α3>1

答案:

(1)BD(答对一个给1分)

(2)①  <  增大

②80%   250℃

(3)DF(答对一个给1分)

(4)AC(答对一个给1分,见错不给分)

题目分析:(1)A、同一方向,错误;B、反应中气体的总物质的量变化,气体的质量不变,所以相对分子质量是变量,当不变时达到平衡,正确;C、密度是定值,错误;D、气体的压强与物质的量成正比,压强是变量,当不变时达到平衡,正确。(2)温度升高,K变小,反应放热;升高温度正逆反应速率均增大;通过平衡计算的三步法直接计算可得;(3)A、升温平衡逆向移动,转化率降低,错误;B、催化剂不改变平衡状态,错误;C、加入CO,其转化率降低,错误;D、加入氢气,增加CO转化率,正确;E、恒容条件下通入不反应的气体不能不移动,错误;F、降低生成物浓度,平衡正向移动,反应物转化率提高,正确;

(4)根据题意,把丙设置为丁,则甲乙丁为等效平衡,把丁压缩到一个容器中,增大压强,平衡向生成甲醇的方向移动,故有2c1<c3 ,压强2 p1>p3;甲乙是从两个不同方向进行到同一个平衡,故有

|a|+|b|=90.8 ,α1+α2 =1,丙中甲醇转化率小,故有α1+α3<1。

 

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