试题与答案

工业合成氨与制备硝酸一般可连续生产,流程如下: 完成下列问题: Ⅰ.合成氨 (

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题目:

工业合成氨与制备硝酸一般可连续生产,流程如下:

完成下列问题:

Ⅰ.合成氨

(1)写出装置①中发生反应的化学方程式:______.

(2)已知在一定的温度下进入装置①的氮、氢混合气体与从合成塔出来的混合气体压强之比为5:4,则氮的转化率为______.

Ⅱ.氨的接触氧化原理

(3)在900℃装置②中反应有:

4NH3(g)+5O2(g)⇌4NO(g)+6H2O(g);△H=-905.5kJ•mol-1 K1=1×1053 (900℃)

4NH3(g)+4O2(g)⇌4N2O(g)+6H2O(g);△H=-1103kJ•mol-1  K2=1×1061 (900℃)

4NH3(g)+3O2(g)⇌2N2(g)+6H2O(g);△H=-1267kJ•mol-1  K3=1×1067 (900℃)

除了上列反应外,氨和一氧化氮相互作用:

4NH3(g)+6NO(g)⇌5N2(g)+6H2O(g);△H=-1804kJ•mol-1,还可能发生氨、一氧化氮的分解.

完成热化学方程式:2NO(g)⇌N2(g)+O2(g);△H=______.

(4)铂-铑合金催化剂的催化机理为离解和结合两过程,如图所示:

由于铂对NO和水分子的吸附力较小,有利于氮与氧原子结合,使得NO和水分子在铂表面脱附,进入气相中.若没有使用铂-铑合金催化剂,氨氧化结果将主要生成______.说明催化剂对反应有______.

(5)温度对一氧化氮产率的影响

当温度大于900℃时,NO的产率下降的原因______(选填序号)

A.促进了一氧化氮的分解

B.促进了氨的分解

C.使氨和一氧化氮的反应平衡移动,生成更多N2

(6)硝酸工业的尾气常用Na2CO3溶液处理,尾气的NO、NO2可全部被吸收,写出用Na2CO3溶液吸收的反应方程式______.

答案:

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