试题与答案

患者女,23岁。兴奋话多2周入院。体查发现患者甲状腺Ⅰ度肿大,甲状腺功能检查示FT和

题型:单项选择题 A1/A2型题

题目:

患者女,23岁。兴奋话多2周入院。体查发现患者甲状腺Ⅰ度肿大,甲状腺功能检查示FT和FT升高,TSH降低。精神状况检查发现患者话多,兴奋,爱管闲事,易激惹,自述心情高兴。该患者首选的心境稳定剂是()

A.碳酸锂

B.丙戊酸钠

C.卡马西平

D.苯妥英钠

E.氯氮平

答案:

参考答案:B

解析:该患者有甲状腺功能亢进,其兴奋话多可能是甲状腺功能亢进所致,该患者除了要治疗甲状腺功能亢进外,也要给予心境稳定剂治疗患者的兴奋症状。尽管碳酸锂是治疗躁狂发作的首选药物之一,但因碳酸锂可以影响甲状腺功能,可以引起甲状腺功能低下或者甲状腺肿大,因此碳酸锂不太适合此患者,而卡马西平对血液系统有影响,抗甲状腺功能亢进的药物也可能导致骨髓抑制致使白细胞减少,故卡马西平不适合该患者,而苯妥英钠和丙戊酸钠均是抗癫痫药,但前者作为情绪稳定剂的证据不多或没有,目前临床上没有把它作为心境稳定剂使用,而后者已作为心境稳定剂广泛使用,研究显示,其疗效和碳酸锂相当,适合该患者。氯氮平作为第二代抗精神病药,既可以作为抗精神病药,也可以作心境稳定剂,但其不良反应大,最危险的不良反应为粒细胞缺乏,而抗甲状腺功能亢进的药物也可能导致血象改变如白细胞减少,因此两种药物不宜合用。所以对于该患者首选的心境稳定剂是丙戊酸钠。

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