闭路电视监控系统中，通常要求摄像机的最低照度不低于被摄物的最低环境照度的（）。 A.

阅读。

　　1语文的实质是什么？有人认为语文的实质是工具性。我认为，这种观点是片面的，它忽视了语文功能的多样性。在日常生活中，每一个正常的人都能很熟练地进行语言交流，甚至有明显语法错误的表达也不影响双方的交流。我认为，语文的产生、发展决定了语文的浅层次表达是生活实践，具有工具性；高层次表达则是精神万象，具有精神性。

　　2我想，语文应该是热爱。没有一颗对生活炽热的心，怎会有“朝辞白帝彩云间，千里江陵一日还”的热烈浪漫？没有对祖国山水、人文风物的痴迷神往，怎会有“日出江花红胜火，春来江水绿如蓝，能不忆江南”的拳拳诗情？怎会有“采菊东篱下，悠然见南山”的怡然陶醉？……

　　3热爱生活，热爱山川风物，更应该热爱我们人自己，爱亲，爱友，爱人，便会有诗情，便会有语文。

　　4“近乡情更怯，不敢问来人”，关爱亲人反使诗情更怯生；“海内存知己，天涯若比邻”，友情因诗句而彼此拉近；“劝君更进一杯酒，西出阳关无故人”，寂寞因诗句而得以慰藉；“桃花潭水深千尺，不及汪伦送我情”，诗情因友情而更酣畅；“同是天涯沦落人，相逢何必曾相识”，多少萍水相逢的人因此而更具人文关怀……

　　5语文不仅表达着热爱，悠悠千古，浩瀚的文学海洋，更浮涌着多少忧愁、郁闷甚至或是猛呼抗争。

　　6屈原忧愁悲思而抒《离骚》，愤懑情极乃发《天问》；东坡遭贬、壮志未酬而唱“大江东去，浪淘尽，千古风流人物”；稼轩胡虏未灭而叹“千古江山，英雄无觅孙仲谋处”；陈涉苦难深重怒呼“王侯将相宁有种乎？”……

　　7古今中外，灿烂的文学长卷都缀满一个个“情”字，但也不乏冷静理性。

　　8陶渊明“问君何能尔，心远地自偏”折射出冷静的人生选择；范仲淹“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”道出政治家的深重责任感；杜甫“安得广厦千万间，大庇天下寒士俱欢颜，风雨不动安如山！”已经挣脱并超越了自己的苦难，显露出普度众生的情怀；毛 * * “问苍茫大地，谁主沉浮？”更是一代伟人对饱经沧桑的神州大地的历史性洪钟巨响…… 

　　9“我以我的歌感动上帝/正如山以瀑布/正如山以瀑布/感动遥远的大海”。泰戈尔沉沉的喉音唱出的诗，感动着世界的每一个角落。用语文抒写你的心灵，便是你自己的呢喃情话，同时也感动了——你、我、他。

1. 本文主要阐述了什么观点？

_______________________________________________________________

2. 第2段中的“采菊东篱下，悠然见南山”和第8段中的“问君何能尔，心远地自偏”均出自陶渊明的《饮酒》诗。从全文看，作者引用这两句诗的作用分别是什么？

（1）___________________________________________________________________

（2）___________________________________________________________________

3. 第5段是个过渡段。从内容上看，它在上文第____________段和下文的第___________段之间起着承上启下的作用。

4. 本文的语言很有特色，请从第4、6、8段中任选一段加以分析。

_______________________________________________________________

阅读理解。

     Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing.However, there is nothing fixed about

attitudes to dirt.

     In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as

medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in.A particular

danger was, thought to lie in public baths.By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his

kingdom.So did the king of England in 1546.Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe

lived with dirt in a friendly way.Henry Ⅳ, King of France, was famously dirty.Upon learning that a

nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not

go out.

     Though the belief in the merit of dirt was longlived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor

ever since the 18th century.Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health.Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease.Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness

have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ.Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to

be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine.Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?

     Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.Many firsttime parents nervously try to warn their children

off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an

American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune

system.And the latter position is gaining some ground.

1. The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because _____.

A. they lived healthily in a dirty environment

B. they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay in

C. they believed disease could be spread in public baths

D. they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease

2. Which of the following best describes Henry Ⅳ's attitude to bathing?

A. Afraid.  

B. Curious.

C. Approving.  

D. Uninterested.

3. How does the passage mainly develop?

A. By providing examples.

B. By making comparisons.

C. By following the order of time.

D. By following the order of importance.

4. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?

A. To stress the role of dirt.

B. To introduce the history of dirt.

C. To call attention to the danger of dirt.

D. To present the change of views on dirt.

对于水压试验中相关参数的规定是会随着给水管道系统类型的不同而不同，塑料管给水管道系统在试验压力下达到稳压时间后压力下降允许值为（）。

A、≥0.02MPa

B、≥0.05MPa

C、≤0.02Mpa

D、≤0.05MPa

在辩论中，辩论语言除了要口齿清晰、言简意赅外，还应（）。

A.言之有物

B.言之有别

C.言而有序

D.言之有理

关于急性视网膜坏死综合征，不正确的是（）

A.视网膜坏死灶多见于中周部

B.视网膜动、静脉均可受累

C.常伴有视网膜脱离

D.是一种由细菌感染所致的疾病

E.可出现严重玻璃体混浊