试题与答案

如图所示,间距为L=0.45m的带电金属板M、N竖直固定在绝缘平面上,板间形成匀

题型:问答题

题目:

如图所示,间距为L=0.45m的带电金属板M、N竖直固定在绝缘平面上,板间形成匀强电场,场强E=1.5×104V/m.N板接地(电势为零),其中央有一小孔,一根水平绝缘细杆通过小孔,其左端固定在极板M上.现有一质量m=0.05kg,带电量q=+5.0×10-6C的带正电小环套在细杆上,小环与细杆之间的动摩擦因数为μ=0.1.小环以一定的初速度对准小孔向左运动,若小环与金属板M发生碰撞,碰撞中能量不损失(即碰后瞬间速度大小不变).设带电环大小不计且不影响金属板间电场的分布(g取10m/s2).求:

(1)带电小环以多大的初速度v0进入电场,才能恰好到达金属板M?

(2)若带电小环以初速度v1=1m/s进入电场,当其动能等于电势能时,距离N板多远?

(3)小环至少以多大的初速度v2进入电场,它在电场中运动时找不到动能与电势能相等的点?

答案:

(1)小环进入电场后,在电场力与摩擦力共同作用下减速直到M板,速度变为零,根据动能定理,有-qEL-μmgL=0-

1
2
mv02

v0=

2(qE+μmg)L
m
=
2(5.0×10-6×1.5×104+0.1×0.05×10)×0.45
0.05
m/s=1.5m/s

(2)带电小环以初速度v1=1m/s进入电场后先向左作减速运动,当其动能等于电势能时,设它距离N板为x,有

1
2
mv02-qEx-μmgx=qEx

解得x=

mv02
4qE+2μmg
=
0.05×12
4×5.0×10-6×1.5×104+2×0.1×0.05×10
m=0.125m

还有一种情况,当小环运动到左边最远点并向右返回到小孔的过程中,也可能会出现动能等于电势能.设它向左运动的最远距离为d,根据动能定理,有-qEd-μmgd=0-

1
2
mv12

解得d=

mv12
2(qE+μmg)
=
0.05×12
2×(5.0×10-6×1.5×104+0.1×0.05×10)
m=0.2m

当其动能等于电势能时,设它距离N板为y,有qE(d-y)-μmg(d-y)=qEy

解得y=

(qE-μmg)d
2qE-μmg
=
(5.0×10-6×1.5×104-0.1×0.05×10)×0.2
2×5.0×10-6×1.5×104-0.1×0.05×10
m=0.05m

(3)小环以初速度v2进入电场后,若它运动到M板时的动能大于其电势能,则它在电场中运动时找不到动能与电势能相等的点,有

1
2
mv22-(qE+μmg)L>qEL

v2
2(2qE+μmg)L
m
=
2(2×5.0×10-6×1.5×104+0.1×0.05×10)×0.45
0.05
/s=
3.6
m/s
≈1.9m/s

答:(1)带电小环以初速度1.5m/s进入电场,才能恰好到达金属板M;

(2)若带电小环以初速度v1=1m/s进入电场,当其动能等于电势能时,距离N板的距离为0.125m或0.05m;

(3)小环至少以1.9m/s的初速度进入电场,它在电场中运动时找不到动能与电势能相等的点.

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题型:阅读理解

Do you know Open Farm Sunday? It is a new day in Britain. It is the fourth mayional open day for the farming industry .Now it is setting more and more popular among people, especially among young people.

It is said that about 435 farms opened their gates to the public. The farmers invited people to their farms. Many people help the farmers work on the farms. They can do many things over there,such as water the crops and gather the crops. People could find pleasure of farming.

Open Farm Sunday is a good chance to enjoy the life of countryside,especially for people living in the cities.If you come to the farm,you will fall in love with the country life.Here you can listen to the birds,enjoy the beautiful view of countryside breathe the fresh air and watch the crops grow.You can also work with the farmers and taste the produce,such as tomatoes and cucumbers.

One farmer said,“Welcome children to our farms. We will show you where your food comes from.”

小题1:How many farms opened their gates to the public according to the passage?

A.About four hundred and five.

B.About four hundred and thirty-five.

C.About four hundred and fifty-five.

D.About four hundred and forty-two.小题2:What can visitors do on the farms according to the passage?

A.They can visitors the beautiful view of countryside.

B.They can watch the crops grow.

C.They can work with the farmers and taste the produce.

D.All of the above.小题3:What does the underlined word “view” mean in Chinese?

A.景色

B.小路

C.观点

D.乐趣小题4:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A.Open Farm Sunday is a new day in the USA.

B.It is the first ational open day for farming industry.

C.The people living in the countryside invited farmers to join them.

D.Open Farm Sunday is a good chance to enjoy the life of countryside.

小题5:The farmer said they would show us children             .

A.how to work on the farm

B.where we could grow crops

C.where our food came from

D.the pleasure of faring

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