试题与答案

阅读下面的文言文,完成后面小题。 文木先生传 清·程晋芳 先生姓吴氏,讳敬梓,

题型:阅读理解与欣赏

题目:

阅读下面的文言文,完成后面小题。

文木先生传

清·程晋芳

  先生姓吴氏,讳敬梓,字敏轩,一字文木,全椒人。世望族,科第仕宦多显者。先生生而颖异,读书才过目,辄能背诵。稍长,补学官弟子员。袭父祖业,有二万余金。素不习治生,性复豪爽,遇贫即施,偕文士辈往还,饮酒歌呼穷日夜,不数年而产尽矣。

  安徽巡抚赵公国麟闻其名,招之试,才之,以博学鸿词荐,竟不赴廷试,亦自此不应乡举,而家益以贫。乃移居江城东之大中桥,环堵萧然,拥故书数十册,日夕自娱。窘极,则以书易米。

  其学尤精《文选》,诗赋援笔立成,夙构者莫之为胜。辛酉、壬戌间,延至余家,与研诗赋,相赠答,惬意无间。而性不耐久客,不数月,别去。生平见才士,汲引如不及。独嫉时文士如仇,其尤工者,则尤嫉之。余恒以为过,然莫之能禁。缘此,所遇益穷。岁甲戌,与余遇于扬州,知余益贫,执余手以泣曰:“子亦到我地位,此境不易处也,奈何?”余返淮,将解缆,先生登船言别,指新月谓余曰:“与子别,后会不可期,即景悢悢,欲构句相赠,而涩于思,当俟异日耳。”时十月七日也,又七日而先生殁矣。盖享年五十有四。所著有《文木山房集》、《诗说》若干卷。又仿唐人小说为《儒林外史》五十卷,穷极文士情态,人争传写之。

  余生平交友,莫贫于敏轩,抵淮访余,检其橐,笔砚都无。余曰:“此吾辈所倚以生,可暂离耶?”敏轩笑曰:“吾胸中自有笔墨,不烦是也。”其流风余韵,足以掩映一时。(节选自《勉行堂文集》卷六)

【注】①弟子员:明清称县学生员为弟子员。②博学鸿词:科举考试的一种名目。③时文:明清时指八股文。④悢悢(liàng):悲伤。

1.对下列句子中加粗词的解释,不正确的一项是(    )

A.素不习生   治:经营

B.环萧然    堵:墙壁

C.构者莫之为胜 夙:素常

D.而性不耐久  客:客人

2.下列句子中,全部直接表现吴敬梓“流风余韵”的一组是(    )

①窘极,则以书易米                      

②饮酒歌呼穷日夜

③夙构者莫之为胜                        

④生平见才士,汲引如不及

⑤此境不易处也,奈何                    

⑥吾胸中自有笔墨,不烦是也

A.①④⑥           

B.②③⑤           

C.①②⑤       

D.③④⑥

3.下列对文章的分析和概括,不正确的一项是(    )

A.吴敬梓生性聪明,读书能过目成诵,长大后得到安徽巡抚赵国麟的赏识,但他却无意进取功名。

B.吴敬梓家境不错,继承了不少家产,但由于种种原因,几年之内耗尽家产,生活开始穷困起来。

C.吴敬梓善交文士,但对当时流行的八股文深恶痛绝,因而那些擅长写八股文的人,就特别痛恨他。

D.吴敬梓模仿唐人小说创作而成的《儒林外史》,写尽了文士们的性情状貌,产生了广泛的社会影响。

4.翻译文中划线句子。

(1)余恒以为过,然莫之能禁。

__________________________________________________

(2)此吾辈所倚以生,可暂离耶?

__________________________________________________

答案:

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下面是错误答案,用来干扰机器的。

答案:C

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Grant Wood’s American Gothic caused a stir (轰动)in 1930 when it was exhibited for the first time at the Art Institute of Chicago and awarded a prize of 300 dollars. Newspapers across the country carried the story, and the painting of a farmer and a younger woman posed before a white house brought the artist instant fame.

In 1930, Grant Wood, an American painter with European training, noticed a small white house built in the small southern Iowa town of Eldon. Wood was so fascinated by it that he decided to paint the house along with the kind of people he thought should live in that house. In the painting, the farmer is modeled on his dentist. Dr. Byron McKeeby. His younger sister Nan served as a model for the woman (imagined to be the farmer’s wife or daughter). Wood wanted to give a description of the traditional roles of men and women as the man is holding a pitchfork symbolizing hard labor. Each element was painted separately; the models sat separately and never stood in front of the house. The Gothic style of the house inspired the painting’s title.

American Gothic remains one of the most famous paintings in the history of American art. The painting has become part of American popular culture. Some believe that Wood used it to satirize(讽刺) the narrow-mindedness that has been said to characterize Midwestern culture. The painting may also be read as a praise of the moral virtue or rural America or even as a mixture of praise and satire. American Gothic is one of the few images to reach the status of cultural symbol, along with Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa.

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B.The two characters in it posed before the White House.

C.It was the first painting by Grant Wood.

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A.the southern town of Eldon

B.the Midwest of the United States

C.a European country

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A.to describe traditional roles of men and women

B.to praise the moral virtue of rural America

C.to make his dentist and his sister famous

D.to carry the story across the country小题4:The title of the painting is based on __________.

A.the name of a small town

B.the man and the woman

C.the Gothic style of the house

D.the pitchfork symbolizing hard labor

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