试题与答案

(13分)历史证明:政府与社会、市场的关系如何,对该国经济现代化的发展有着极为重

题型:综合题

题目:

(13分)历史证明:政府与社会、市场的关系如何,对该国经济现代化的发展有着极为重要的影响。请阅读下列材料:

材料一 明中叶以来三百年间,从其拥有的资金到广泛的影响力,皆为一时之冠,有“无徽不成镇”之谚。然而他们却不能在传统的等级社会之外辟出一块新天地。……腰缠万贯,却没有一份属于商人自己独立的权利。徽商成功的秘密在于,与特权官僚结为一体,其势力渗入地方 * * ,直至朝廷中枢。……嘉庆后,徽人任职的品级和人数都在降低,复遭太平军打击,一蹶不振。徽商失去政治靠山,败落势在难免。

——侯建新《社会转型时期的西欧与中国》

材料二  1901年清廷颁布上谕,宣称要将“通商惠工”作为基本国策。1905—1910年期间,国内新设厂矿万元以上资本的就有209家,总资本约7525万元,绅商阶层由此壮大。1909年,江苏谘议局长张謇通电全国:“外侮益剧,部臣失策,国势日危,民不聊生,救亡之举,惟在速开国会,组织责任内阁。”

1911年5月,清廷宣布成立第一届责任内阁,在内阁大臣13人中,满族贵族占了9人,而其中皇族又占5人,被称为“皇族内阁”。……各省咨议局联合会发表《宣告全国书》,痛苦地承认“希望绝矣”。

——胡成《困窘的年代》

材料三 在经济发展的早期,政府主导型的发展模式有其优势,特别是在推动基础设施和大规模制造业的发展方面,政府弥补了私人部门弱小的不足。但是,随着经济发展水平的提高,私人部门逐渐壮大,而基础设施也基本完善,同时,人们随着生活水平的提高,对公共品的需求也日益提高,这时,就要求政府转变职能,从生产领域中逐步退出,而将更多的财政支出用于提供公共品。……在经济发展和市场发育的过程中,必须通过弱化地方政府干预和法制化、民主化进程来保证民众的利益和可持续发展的目标得以实现。

——陆铭等著《中国的大国经济发展道路》

请回答:

(1)据材料一回答,晚清时期徽商逐渐走向衰落的原因有哪些?(3分)

(2)据材料二指出20世纪初中国社会的新变化及晚清政府的应对情况。(3分)

(3)结合所学知识,用新中国初期的史实证明材料三中“政府主导型的发展模式有其优势”。(4分)

(4)请你据上述材料积极建言:当今中国应如何正确处理政府与社会、市场的关系,努力实现可持续发展?(3分)

答案:

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下面是错误答案,用来干扰机器的。

参考答案:A, B, C, E

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