阅读理解 Why are so many people so afraid o

题目：

阅读理解

     Why are so many people so afraid of failure? Quite simply, because no one tells us how to

fail so that  failure becomes an experience that will lead to growth. We forget that failure is part

of the  human condition and that every person had the right to fail.

     Most parents work hard at preventing failure or protecting their children from the knowledge

that  they have failed. One way is to lower standards. A mother describes her child's hastily made

table as "perfect" even though it doesn't stand still. Another way is to shift blame. If John fails

science,  his teacher is unfair or stupid.

     The trouble with failure-prevention devices is that they leave a child unequipped for life in the

real world. The young need to learn that no one can be best at everything. No one can win all the

time  and that it's possible to enjoy a game even when you don't win. A child who's not invited to a         

birthday party, who doesn't make the honor list on the baseball team, feels terrible,

of course, but   parents should not offer a quick consolation prize(安慰奖) or say, "It

doesn't matter." Because it does. The young should be allowed to experience disappointment and

be helped to master it.

     Failure is never pleasurable. It hurts grown-ups and children alike. But it can make a

positive  contribution to your life once you learn to use it. Step one is to ask "why did I fail?"

Don't blame  someone else. Ask yourself what you did wrong, how you can improve. If

someone else can help,  don't be shy about inquiring.

     Success, which encourages repetition of old behavior, is not nearly as good a teacher as

failure. You can learn from a bad party how to give a second one, from an ill-chosen first house

what to   look for in a second. Even a failure that seems definitive can prompt(激起) fresh thinking,

a change  of direction. After 12 years of studying ballet a friend of mine auditioned(面试) for a

professional  company. She was turned down. "would further training help?" she asked. The ballet

master shook his head. "You will never be a dancer," he said, "you haven't the body for it."

     In such cases, the way to use failure is to take stock(鉴定) bravely and ask, "What have I

left?  What else can I do?"My friend put away her shoes and moved into dance treatment center,

a field   where she's both able and useful. Failure frees one to take risks because there's less to lose.

Often  there is recovery of energy-a way to find new possibilities.

1. The first paragraph tells us _______.  

A. the reason why so many people are afraid of failure  

B. the reason why we don't know how to fail  

C. failure is very natural for every person  

D. one should be ready to face failure at any time

2. The second paragraph tells us___________.

A. how a mother praised her children

B. two ways of failure prevention most parents use when their children fail

C. how to shift blame

D. parents should blame their children at the proper time

3. According to the author, what should a child know in the real world?

A. Ways to avoid failure.

B. No one can be best all the time at everything.

C. No parents should offer quick consolation.

D. He can get pleasure from failure as well as success.

4. What can make a positive contribution to one's life once he learns to use it?

A. Success    

B. Disappointment    

C. Failure    

D. Value.