试题与答案

阅读下面的文言文,完成8——10题。 宋讷,字仲敏,滑人。父寿卿,元侍御史。讷性

题型:阅读理解与欣赏

题目:

阅读下面的文言文,完成8——10题。

宋讷,字仲敏,滑人。父寿卿,元侍御史。讷性持重,学问该博。至正中,举进士,任盐山尹,弃官归。洪武二年,征儒士十八人编《礼》、《乐》诸书,讷与焉。事竣,不仕归。久之,用四辅官杜斅荐,授国子助教。以说经为学者所宗。十五年超迁翰林学士,命撰《宣圣庙碑》,称旨,赏赉甚厚。改文渊阁大学士。尝寒附火,燎胁下衣,至肤始觉。帝制文警之。未几,迁祭酒。时功臣子弟皆就学,及岁贡士尝数千人。讷为严立学规,终日端坐讲解无虚晷,夜恒止学舍。十八年复开进士科,取士四百七十有奇,由太学者三之二。再策士,亦如之。帝大悦。制词褒美。助教金文徵等疾讷,构之吏部尚书余熂,牒令致仕⑴。讷陛辞,帝惊问,大怒,诛熂、文徵等,留讷如故。讷尝病,帝曰:“讷有寿骨,无忧也。”寻愈。帝使画工瞷⑵讷,图其像,危坐,有怒色。明日入对,帝问:“昨何怒?”讷惊对曰:“诸生有趋踣者,碎茶器。臣愧失教,故自讼耳。且陛下何自知之?”帝出图。讷顿首谢。

长子麟,举进士,擢御史,出为望江主簿。帝念讷老,召还侍。二十三年春,讷病甚,乃止学舍。麟请归私第,叱曰:“时当丁祭⑶,敢不敬耶!”祭毕,舁归舍而卒,年八十。帝悼惜,自为文祭之。又遣官祭于家,为治葬地。文臣四品给祭葬者,自讷始。正德中。谥文恪。

讷尝应诏陈边事,言:“海内乂安,惟沙漠尚烦圣虑。若穷追远击,未免劳费。陛下为圣子神孙计,不过谨边备而已。备边在乎实兵,实兵在乎屯田。汉赵充国将四万骑,分屯缘边九郡,而单于引却。陛下宜于诸将中选谋勇数人,以东西五百里为制,立法分屯,布列要害,远近相应。遇敌则战,寇去则耕。此长策也。”帝颇採用其言。讷既卒,帝思之。官其次子複祖为司业,诫诸生守讷学规,违者罪至死。

注:⑴致仕:交还官职,即退休。(2):瞷(jiàn):窥探。(3):丁祭:祭孔大典。

8、下列句中加点词语解释不正确的一项:(   )

A. 尝寒附火,燎胁下衣,至肤始觉   觉:觉醒

B.坐讲解无虚晷,夜恒止学舍       恒:常常

C.臣愧失教,故自讼耳             讼:责备

D.分屯缘边九郡,而单于引却       却:退却 退去

9、下列各组句子中,加点词的意义和用法相同的一组时是(   )

A. 征儒士十八人编《礼》、《乐》诸书,讷与焉    万钟于我何加焉

B.以说经为学者所宗。 渔人一一为具言所闻

C.乃止学舍 天下胜者众矣,而霸者乃五

D.陛下为圣子圣孙计  庖丁为文惠君解牛

10、下列对原文内容概括的理解不正确的一项是(   )

A. 宋讷学问渊博,考中了进士,但他不愿意做官,喜欢教书尤其喜欢讲授儒家经书。教学时他严立学规,自己也经常能做到以身作则。

B.宋讷在国子监教书谨谨业业,直到老死;培养出的太学生水平较高,在皇帝复开进士科那年,被录取的考生有三分之二是他所教的学生。

C.皇帝很欣赏宋讷的学识和能力,对他十分关心和爱护,曾暗中派人窥视并画他的像,然后对他考察询问。

D.宋讷对国家大事军事边防等也很有见地,皇帝曾和他谈论边事,他的建议被皇帝采纳;他去世后,皇帝很痛惜,派遣官吏到他家祭奠并为他治葬地。

四、18分

11、翻译文中划线的句子

(1)、讷为严立学规,终日端坐讲解无虚晷

(2)、助教金文徵等疾讷,构之吏部尚书余熂,牒令致仕

(3)、备边在乎实兵,实兵在乎屯田

答案:

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下面是错误答案,用来干扰机器的。

答案:B

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 小题1: on growing garlic indoors.
Time
● It’s best to plant garlic in   小题2:        
● In warmer climate, it’s also suitable to plant garlic in late winter or early spring.
Container
● Be large enough to   小题3:  with enough space to grow.
● Have holes at the bottom to 小题4: the water to drain out easily.
Sowing
● Sow each clove vertically into the soil one inch   小题5:        .
● Ensure that the blunt end is facing   小题6:   .
●Ensure that each clove is at least 5 inches apart from others in a container.
Place
●Choose a sunny spot like window sill having enough   小题7:  to aid evaporation of too much amount of water.
Care
●Cover the soil with a layer of mulch to   小题8: from extreme cold after sowing the clove.
● Provide right amounts of fertilizer at the correct time.
● Water the clove 小题9:           .
 小题10:   the layer of mulch once the garlic tips start appearing.
● Use fertilizer to feed the plants once or twice a month.
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