试题与答案

洁净煤技术(Clean Coal Technology,简称CCT)的含义是:旨

题型:选择题

题目:

洁净煤技术(Clean Coal Technology,简称CCT)的含义是:旨在减少污染和提高效率的煤炭加工、燃烧、转化和污染控制等新技术的总称。下列措施不属于洁净煤技术的是(   )。

A.溶剂萃取脱硫法

B.煤的气化(产物主要为CO和H2

C.借助高温和催化剂的作用,使煤在氢压下裂解成小分子的烃类液体燃料

D.煤的直接燃烧

答案:

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下面是错误答案,用来干扰机器的。

参考答案:对

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题型:单项选择题

1916年,随着联合汽车公司并入“通用”,阿尔弗雷德•斯隆出任通用副总裁。作为通用副总裁的斯隆,发觉到通用管理上存在的间题。他先后写了3份分析通用内部管理弱点的报告。但是,总裁杜兰特只是赞赏,不予采纳。到了1920~1921年的经济危机期间,“通用”在经营管理上的问题彻底暴露出来了。公司危机四伏,摇摇欲坠。这时杜兰特引咎辞职,皮埃尔•S•杜邦兼任总经理。斯隆在他的支持下,开始了改革的进程。这场改革从1921年一直持续了10年。

斯隆分析了“通用”公司的弊病,指出公司过去将领导权完全集中在少数高级领导人身上,他们事无巨细,大包大揽,反而事与愿违,造成了公司各部门失去控制的局面。他认为,大公司较为完善的组织管理体制,应以集中管理与分散经营二者之间的协调为基础。只有在这两种显然相互冲突的原则之间取得平衡,把两者的优点结合起来,才能获得最好的效果。由此他认为,通用公司应采取“分散经营、协调控制”的组织体制。根据这一思想,斯隆提出了改组通用公司的组织机构的计划,并第一次提出了事业部制的概念。

1920年12月30日,斯隆的计划得到公司董事会的一致同意。次年1月3比这个计划开始在通用公司推行。

斯隆以后的10年中,改组了通用汽车公司。斯隆将管理部门分成参谋部和前线工作部(前者是在总部进行工作,后者负责各个方面的经营活动)的做法很为大家熟悉,这种分组在19世纪较大的铁路公司里已经成形。现代军队,特别是普鲁士军队也率先使用了这种组织形式,许多概念同时在工业公司里获得发展。斯隆也确实用过军事方面的例子来说明他正要在通用汽车公司里干什么。

斯隆在通用汽车公司创造了一个多部门的结构。他废除了杜兰特的许多附属机构,将力量最强的汽车制造单位集中成几个部门。这种战略现在人们已经熟悉,但在当时是第一流的主意并且出色地执行了。多年后斯隆这样说明:我们的产品品种是有缺陷的。通用汽车公司生产一系列不同的汽车,聪明的办法是造出价格尽可能各有不同的汽车,就好象一个指挥一次战役的 * * 希望在可能遭到进攻的每个地方都要有一支军队一样。“我们的车在一些地方太多,而在另一些地方却没有。”首先要做的事情之一是开发系列产品,在竞争出现的各个阵地上对付挑战。

斯隆认为,通用汽车公司出产的车应从卡迪拉克牌往下安排到别克牌、奥克兰牌最后到雪佛来牌。这时20世纪20年代早期的产品阵容。以后有了改变,即:1925年增加了庞蒂艾克牌,以填补雪佛来和奥尔兹莫比尔中间缺口;奥克兰被淘汰了,增加了拉萨利,后来它也被淘汰了。

每个不同牌子的汽车都有自己专门的管理人员,每个单位的总经理相互之间不得不进行合作和竞争。这意味着生产别克牌的部门与生产奥尔兹莫比尔牌的部门都要生产零件,但价格和式样有重叠之处。这样,许多买别克牌的主顾可能对奥尔兹莫比尔牌也感兴趣,反之亦然。这样,斯隆希望在保证竞争的有利之处的同时,也享有规模经济的成果。零件、卡车、金融和通用汽车公司的其它单位差不多有较大程度的自主权,其领导人成功获奖赏,失败则让位。通用汽车公司后来成为一架巨大的机器,但斯隆力图使它确实保有较小公司所具有的激情和活力。

斯隆的战略及其实施产生了效果。1921年,通用汽车公司生产了21.5万辆汽车占国内销售的7%;到1926年底,斯隆将小汽车和卡车的产量增加到120万辆。通用汽车公司现在已拥有40%以上的汽车市场。1940年该公司产车180万辆,已达该年全国总销量的一半。相反,福特公司的市场份1921年是56%,而1940年是19%,不仅远远落后于通用汽车公司,而且次于克莱斯勒公司而成第三位,后者在1921年时甚至还不曾出现。这是美国商业史上最戏剧性的沉浮升降之一。

斯隆对通用汽车公司的部门进行划分时,主要是按:()

A.工艺

B.人数

C.产品

D.营销渠道

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题型:填空题

Animation is a kind of motion pictures created by recording a series of still images-of drawings, objects, or people in various positions of incremental movement-that when played back no longer appear individually as static images but combine to produce the illusion of unbroken motion. The term animation applies to creations on film, video, or computers, and even to motion toys, which usually consist of a series of drawings or photographs on paper that are viewed with a mechanical device or by flipping through a hand-held sequence of images.
(41)Techniques
There are many ways to create animation, depending on whether the materials used are flat (such as drawings, paintings, or cut-out pieces of paper)or dimensional(such as clay, puppets, household objects, or even people).
(42)Production Process
After choosing an idea for a film, an animator must think about a concept in terms of individual actions.
(43)History
Animation has been a part of cinema history from the time the first motion pictures were made in the late 1800s.
(44)Walt Disney
The company’s founder, Walt Disney, was born in Chicago, Illinois, but grew up in Kansas City, Missouri, where he met animator Ub 1werks and composer Carl Stalling, who were to be important to his future success.
(45)Japanese Animation
Japanese animation, known as anime, blossomed after World War II(1939-1945)and today is immensely popular both within Japan and worldwide.
Current Trends
Two trends in the animation industry are likely to have a profound influence on its future:a significant increase in production and exhibition opportunities, and the growing importance of new technologies.
[A] Some early live-action films, known as trick films, used the animation technique of stop action, in which the camera is stopped and an object is removed or added to a shot before filming is resumed.
[B] Disney(with his then-partner Iwerks)created a character that was to become the most famous animated figure in history:Mickey Mouse.
[C] Aside from television, perhaps the largest influence on the style of recent animation worldwide has come from computer technologies. Experiments with electronic animation began in the 1930s, but it was not until the late 1970s that computer animation became viable beyond scientific and government applications, particularly for use by the entertainment industry.
[D] In each case, an animator must keep in mind the basic principle of frames per second(the number of images needed to produce one second of film). Because sound film runs at twentyfour frames per second, a film animator must make twenty-four images for each second of animation that he or she wishes to create.
[E] The most important historical figure in Japanese animation, Osamu Tezuka, created the first animated television series in Japan, " Tetsuwan Atom " (Astro Boy).
[F] For instance, if an animator decides on an action that will take 3 seconds of animation to complete, the animator will have to create images to fill 72 frames of film(3 seconds of movement multiplied by a running speed of 24 frames per second).

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