测者子午圈与天体垂直圈在（）上所夹的一段弧距称为天体方位。A．天赤道 B．天体时圈

建设工程合同的公证与签证，在法律上的相同之处是（）。

A.性质相同，都是由国家行政机关对工程合同按照法定程序进行审查的

B.效力相同，即经过法定程序公证和签证的合同可以作为人民法院认定事实的依据

C.适用范围相同，即在国内外均可采用签证和公证任何一种合同审查方式

D.申请原则相同，都是合同当事人自愿决定是否进行合同的签证和公证

混凝土坝坝基所受的扬压力通常包括( )。

A．浮托力

B．坝体自重压力

C．孔隙水压力

D．渗透压力

E．静水压力

基本投资相近时，从经济性角度对不同工艺方案如何选择？

患者，女性，42岁，舌背进食刺激痛3个月。检查见：舌背有多条沟纹，黏膜略充血。应诊断为（）

A.梅罗综合征

B.维生素C缺乏

C.沟纹舌

D.叶状 * * 炎

E.正中菱形舌

In a perfectly free and open market economy, the type of employer -- government or private -- should have little or no impact on the earnings differentials between women and men. However, if there is discrimination against one sex, it is unlikely that the degree of discrimination by government and private employers will be the same. Differences in the degree of discrimination would result in earnings differentials associated with the type of employer. Given the nature of government and private employers, it seems most likely that discrimination by private employers would be greater. Thus, one would expect that, if women are being discriminated against, government employment would have a positive effect on women’s earnings as compared with their earnings from private employment. The results of a study by Fuchs support this assumption. Fuchs’s results suggest that the earnings of women in an industry composed entirely of government employees would be 14. 6 percent greater than the earnings of women in an industry composed exclusively of private employees, other things being equal.

In addition, both Fuchs and Sanborn have suggested that the effect of discrimination by consumers on the earnings of self-employed women may be greater than the effect of either government or private employer discrimination on the earnings of women employees. To test this hypothesis, Brown selected a large sample of White male and female workers from the 1970 Census and divided them into three categories: private employees, government employees, and self-employed. (Black workers were excluded from the sample to avoid picking up earnings differentials that were the result of racial disparities. ) Brown’s research design controlled for education, labor-force participation, mobility, motivation, and age in order to eliminate these factors as explanations of the study’s results. Brown’s results suggest that men and women are not treated the same by employers and consumers. For men, self-employment is the highest earnings category, with private employment next and government lowest. For women, this order is reversed.

One can infer from Brown’s results that consumers discriminate against self-employed women. In addition, self-employed women may have more difficulty than men in getting good employees and may encounter discrimination from suppliers and from financial institutions.

Brown’s results are clearly consistent with Fuchs’s argument that discrimination by consumers has a greater impact on the earnings of women than does discrimination by either government or private employers. Also, the fact that women do better working for government than for private employers implies that private employers are discriminating against women. The results do not prove that government does not discriminate against women. They do, however, demonstrate that if government is discriminating against women, its discrimination is not having as much effect on women’s earnings as is discrimination in the private sector.

According to Brown’s study, women’s earnings categories occur in which of the following orders, from highest earnings to lowest earnings（）

A. Government employment, self-employment, private employment

B. Private employment, self-employment, government employment

C. Government employment, private employment, self-employment

D. Self-employment, private employment, government employment