膀胱湿热证可见（） A.小便点滴而出 B.小便频急而痛 C.小便频数清长 D.小便频

寰椎骨折的病因病理错误的是（）。

A.头颈部扭挫伤所致

B.一般不会损伤脊髓

C.可合并齿状突骨折致脱位

D.脱位者可导致四肢瘫痪

E.严重者立即死亡

维生素K属于哪一类药物

A．抗凝血药

B．促凝血药

C．抗高血压药

D．纤维蛋白溶解药

E．血容量扩充药

患者张××，女，38岁，G₃P₁A₁L₁。因"停经31周，下肢水肿1个月，发现血压升高1周"入院。既往体健，无重大病史可载。14年前足月顺产一女婴，出生体重4100g，孕产经过顺利。月经规律，现停经31周。孕期未能系统进行产前检查。一月前开始出现明显的下肢水肿，休息后不能消退。一周前测血压165/102mmHg。口服硝苯地平，效果不佳。现无头痛、头晕、眼花、视物不清，无心悸，无憋闷，无食欲缺乏，无肝区不适。入院查体：T：36.2℃，P：96次／分，R：21次／分，BP：165/l10mmHg。神志清。心肺（一）。腹部膨隆，宫高28cm，腹围90cm，LOA。胎心146次／分。水肿3+。尿蛋白3+。

患者经积极对症处理，重度子痫前期病情继续恶化，需立即终止妊娠。定于当日8AM在连硬外麻醉下行剖宫产术。常规术前准备。因故手术推迟至10PM进行。麻醉前监护发现患者心率130bpm，血压155/105mmHg。表情淡漠，不能流利正确回答提问。考虑最有可能的原因是（）

A.心衰

B.脑水肿

C.电解质紊乱

D.低血糖

E.高血压危象

F.脑血管意外

G.肺栓塞

通常以当地气温或地温能满足作物发芽的要求时，作为（）播种期。

Researchers investigating brain size and mental ability say their work offers evidence that education protects the mind from the brain’s physical deterioration.
(46) is known that the brain shrinks as the body ages, but the effects on mental ability are different from person to person. Interestingly, in a study of elderly men and women, those who had more education actually had more brain shrinkage.
"That may seem like bad news," said study author Dr. Edward Coffey, a professor of psychiatry and of neurology at Henry Ford Health System in Detroit.
(47) However, he explained, the finding suggests that education allows people to withstand more brain tissue loss before their mental functioning begins to break down..
The study, published in the July issue of Neurology, is the first to provide biological evidence to support a concept called the "reserve" hypothesis, according to the researchers. In recent years, investigators have developed the idea that people who are more educated have greater cognitive reserves to draw upon as the brain ages; in essence, they have more brain tissue to spare.
(48) Examining brain scans of 320 healthy men and women aged 66 to 90, researchers found that for each year of education the subjects had, there was greater shrinkage of the outer layer of the brain known as the cortex. Yet on tests of cognition and memory, all participants scored in the range indicating normal.
"Everyone has some degree of brain shrinkage," Coffey said. "People lose (on average) 2.5 percent per decade starting in adulthood."
There is, however, a "remarkable range" of shrinkage among people who show no signs of mental decline, Coffey noted. Overall health, he said, accounts for some differences in brain size. Alcohol or drug use, as well as medical conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure, contribute to brain tissue loss throughout adulthood.
In the absence of such medical conditions, Coffey said, education level helps explain the range of brain shrinkage exhibited among the mentally-fit elderly. The more-educated can withstand greater loss.
(49) Coffey and colleagues gauged shrinkage of the cortex by measuring the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain. The greater the amount of fluid, the greater the cortical shrinkage.
Controlling for the health factors that contribute to brain injury, the researchers found that education was related to the severity of brain shrinkage. For each year of education from first grade on, subjects had an average of 1.77 milliliters more cerebrospinal fluid around the brain. Just how education might affect brain cells is unknown.
(50) In their report, the researchers speculated that in people with more education, certain brain structures deeper than the cortex may stay intact to compensate for cortical shrinkage.