变应性鼻炎可见()A．喷嚏、鼻痒 B．鼻粘膜充血 C．血清中正常 D．大量的水样涕

下列哪项不是固定义齿修复后产生食物嵌塞的原因（）

A．咬合不平衡，前伸早接触

B．邻面无接触或接触不良

C．平面与邻牙不一致，形成斜向邻面的斜面

D．对颌牙有充填式牙尖

E．修复体有悬突或龈边缘不密合

阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。

　　我是个作家，一个已经闯出些名头追求时尚的作家，一个力求把抽象方法融入写作之中的作家。就在三个月前，一个画家朋友约我到他的画室，他告诉我有一幅杰作，一幅抽象艺术的杰作要让我开开眼。

　　“就是这幅画！”是自豪还是骄傲，我分辨不出来，也许两者兼有。

　　我很惭愧，真的，我一点儿也不懂画，尤其是抽象画。我对画的评价只是好看和不好看，这是一种极为原始的欣赏能力。我只看到一个黑色的大方块在画幅中央。

　　“能不能给我解释一下？”我抱歉地说。

　　“你看这些线条，这些色彩，”他用手比划着，“线条多么优美，粗犷，色彩多么绚烂。”

　　我随声应和着，怀疑我是不是色盲和近视。

　　“所谓抽象就是将画面抽象为基本要素——线条和色彩，这样就可以留给人们最大的想象空间。”他开始给我普及绘画知识。

　　灵机一动，我不是一直在追求和探索抽象的写作方法？我入门了，开始认真思考，我注意到简约不是抽象。我们说，鸟儿在林间嬉闹，风儿送来了花的芬芳，简约的说法就是鸟语花香，这是古人的说法，如果说这就是抽象，哪里有现代派呢？

　　电话响了，原来是杂志社D编的约稿，而且是急茬。好吧，对抽象的思考先放放。我摊开一张纸，铅笔上的橡皮头几乎被我咬烂了，还是没有思路。

　　第二天，起床穿衣服时，准确地讲，正在系衬衣第二个扣子的时候，我终于悟出了写作中的抽象。抽象就是大道无形，这太抽象，举例来说，就是大师们的带功录音带中的气，就是老和尚们开过光的东西中的灵。对一个小说家来说，真正的抽象不是通篇不分段，不是去掉所有的标点符号；不是把字体排得一会儿大一会儿小，一会儿粗一会儿细；不是话都说不利索，一会儿跳到东，一会儿跑到西；不是语法错误百出，让读者不知就里，不明所云。那都是左道旁门，不是真正的抽象。真正的抽象就是无形，抽象到极致就是什么都不写。

　　我把一张白纸叠好放在信封里，郑重其事地给D编写了一封信，告诉他这是一部用抽象方法写成的三卷本小说，当然注明了字数，因为稿费是按字数计算的。

　　信寄出几天后，D编的电话来了，他说已经接到了我的信，可至今没收到我的小说手稿，是不是寄丢了？我告诉他书稿就在信里，又给他详细解释了我的抽象方法，我的天才创造，至少在小说界这是独一份的。虽然看不到D编的脸，但我敢肯定他一定是目瞪口呆，因为最后他在电话里话都说不出来了。

　　杂志出版后，D编照例给我寄来一本，粗粗一翻，发现杂志中加有一张白页，那一定是我的连载小说了。好了，我就等稿费了。几天后接到了杂志社的一封信，打开一看，只有一张如信封大小的白纸。我看看背面，也是空白，这是什么意思？

　　我拨通了D编的电话。

　　D编一听是我，马上开始恭维，“您的抽象方法对我们的启发太大了，您真是天才！”

　　他喋喋不休地赞美，诸如我极有可能是下次诺贝尔文学奖得主，是天才中的天才，使我都不好意思问他那张白纸的意思了，一个天才居然连这么简单的问题都弄不懂。脸儿红红的，鼓足勇气，我还是厚着脸皮问了一句：

　　“那封信中的白纸是……？”

　　“那是您的稿费。”

　　“我的稿费？”

　　“不好意思，我们根据您的抽象理论对稿酬作了一系列改进，您的稿费当然是最优的。”D编在电话那头优雅地说。“这是按照您的抽象理论，抽象到极致的稿费。”（选自《小说选刊》2009年第7期）

1．小说开头的画线句有什么作用？

　_________________________________________________________________

2．请简要概括小说的主要情节。

　_________________________________________________________________

3．本文以怎样的故事和手法，塑造了一个怎样的人物？表现了什么主题？

　_________________________________________________________________

阅读理解。

     Ever since they were first put on the market in the early 1990s, genetically modified (GM, 转基因) foods

have been increasingly developed and marketed in many countries in the word, mainly on the basis of their

promise to end the worldwide food crisis. But can GM technology solve world hunger problems? Even if it

would, is it the best solution?

     Despite what it promises, GM technology actually has not increased the production potential of any corp.

In fact, studies show that the most crown GM crop.

     GM soybeans, has suffered reduced productivity. For instance, a report than analyzed nearly two decades

of research on major GM food crops shows that GM engineering has failed to significantly increase US crop

production.

     Something else, however, has been on the rise, While GM seeds are expensive, GM companies tell farmers

that they will make good profits by saving money on pesticides (杀虫剂). On the contrary, US government

data show that GM crops in the US have produced an overall increase in pesticide use compared to traditional

crops. "The promise was that you could use less chemicals and boost production. But neither is true," said Bill

Christenson, President of the US National Farm Coalition.

     At the same time, the authors of the book World Hunger: Twelve Myths argue that there actually is more

than enough food in the world and that the hunger crisis is not caused by production, but by problems in food

distribution and politics. These indeed deserve our efforts and money. Meanwhile, the rise in food prices results

from the increased use of crops for fuel rather than food, according to a 2008 World Bank report.

     As a matter of fact, scientists see better ways to feed the world. Another World Bank report concluded that

GM crops have little to offer to the challenges of worldwide poverty and hunger, because better ways out are

available, among which "green" farming is supposed to be the first choice.

1. The author develops the second paragraph mainly _____.

A. by classification

B. by comparison

C. by example

D. by process

2. What does the underlined word "boost" in the third paragraph probably mean?

A. Control.

B. Evaluate.

C. Obtain.

D. Increase.

3. GM companies promise farmers that they will benefit from ______. 

A. practicing "green" farming

B. use of less chemicals

C. fair distribution of their crops

D. using more crops for fuel

4. Which of the following best describes the attitude of the author towards GM technology?

A. Optimistic

B. Defensive

C. Disapproving

D. Casual

男性，32岁，心悸气短12年。查体：心尖部双期杂音，主动脉瓣区双期杂音，有水冲脉，枪击音。超声：二尖瓣前后叶增厚，主动脉瓣右、无冠瓣增厚，治疗最佳方案（）

A.瓣膜扩张术

B.瓣膜置换术

C.闭式分离术

D.瓣膜修补术

E.心脏移植术

男性，60岁，因心前区反复发作性疼痛2年就诊。

典型心绞痛的特点应是（）

A.左胸局限点状疼痛

B.持续左胸痛

C.短暂压榨性胸骨后疼痛持续数秒

D.左上腹部疼痛

E.压榨性胸骨后疼痛向左上肢放射