试题与答案

“桥梁基础施工中,钻孔灌注桩施工、钢筋笼上浮、断桩等”知识点、考点案例分析题 背景材

题型:问答题 案例分析题

题目:

“桥梁基础施工中,钻孔灌注桩施工、钢筋笼上浮、断桩等”知识点、考点案例分析题

背景材料:

某沿海大桥,其主墩基础有40根桩径为1.55m的钻孔灌注桩,实际成孔深度达50m.桥位区地质为:表层为5m的砾石,以下为37m的卵漂石层,在以下为软岩层.承包商采用下列施工方法进行施工:

场地平整,桩位放样,埋设护筒之后,采用冲击钻进行钻孔.然后设立钢筋骨架,在钢筋笼制作时,采用搭接焊接,当钢筋笼下放后,发现孔底沉淀量超标,但超标量较小,施工人员采用空压机风管进行扰动,使孔底残留沉渣处于悬浮状态.之后,安装导管,导管底口距孔底的距离为35cm,且导管口处于沉淀的淤泥渣之上,对导管进行接头抗拉试验,并用1.5倍的孔内水深压力的水压进行水密承压试验,试验合理后,进行混凝土灌注,混凝土塌落度18cm,混凝土灌注在整个过程中均连续均匀进行.

施工单位考虑到灌注时间较长,在混凝土中加入缓凝剂.首批混凝土灌注后埋置导管的深度为1.2m,在随后的灌注过程中,导管的埋置深度为3m.当灌注混凝土进行到10m时,出现塌孔,此时,施工人员立即用吸泥机进行清理;当灌注混凝土进行到23m时,发现导管埋管,但堵塞长度较短,施工人员采取用型钢插入导管的方法疏通导管;当灌注到27m时,导管挂在钢筋骨架上,施工人员采取了强制提升的方法;进行到32m时,又一次堵塞导管,施工人员在导管在导管始终处于混凝土中的状态下,拔抽抖动导管,之后继续灌注混凝土,直到顺利完成.养生一段时间发现有断桩事故.

问题:

1.断桩可能发生在何处,原因是什么?

2.在灌注水下混凝土时,导管可能出现的问题有哪些?

3.若在施工过程中出现钢筋笼上浮,则原因为什么?

4.钻孔灌注桩的施工的主要工序是?

5.塞管处理的方法有哪些?

答案:

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题型:阅读理解

Yesterday I went to the nursing home to visit my grandma. She just got out of the hospital recently where she had some serious operations. I wanted to surprise her after work, so I stopped by for a quick visit.

When I got there, she was happy to see me. We hugged, kissed and exchanged greetings. Then I heard a woman crying. It was my grandma’s roommate. The curtain was drawn so I could not see her. She started calling out a name that wasn’t mine but she was certainly talking to me, begging me to go to her side of the room.

I ignored her at first and continued visiting with my grandma. Then she started begging and saying, “Please, come to see me!” So I went to see her.

When I drew the curtain back, she looked so old but flashed me the biggest smile! She opened her arms wide for me to hug her so I bent low and gave her a hug. I sat on her bed and talked with her for a few minutes. She kept calling me by the other name but I did not correct her. She told me stories as if I had been there when they happened.

Finally I went back to visit with my grandma. Then the woman started crying again, saying, “Please, come back.” She finally slept.

I stopped by the nurse’s station and the nurse told me that the lady suffers from Alzheimer’s. I mentioned the name she had called me. The nurse told me it was the lady’s daughter’s name. Then I understood why she wanted me to go to visit her.

We will all get old some day. Some of us will have broken minds like he lady and some of us will have broken bodies like my grandma. As I was leaving I promised I would go back and visit the lady, even after my grandma moves back to her home.

小题1:Why did the writer’s grandma live in a nursing home?

A.Because she needed another operation.

B.Because she had been used to living there.

C.Because she waited for the writer to come.

D.Because she wanted to be looked after there.小题2:According to the text, the woman cried because_________.

A.she missed her daughter very much

B.she expected to tell stories to the writer

C.she feared the curtain being drawn

D.she was troubled by the writer’s talking小题3:Which word can be used to describe the crying woman?

A.Selfish.

B.Lonely.

C.Strong.

D.Lazy.小题4:What can the writer learn from her experience?

A.The old will become forgetful.

B.Everyone will get old someday.

C.The old need care from others.

D.We shouldn’t leave the old in the nursing home.小题5:Which of the following is right according to the passage?

A.The lady came out to see me.

B.the lady’s daughter always visited her.

C.The writer’s grandma had some serious illness.

D.The writer would go back and visit the old lady.

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