论述被害人陈述的审查和判断。

1990年某市为了调查老年人中多发病的分布情况，对该市7个区的9个不同地段抽取60岁及以上的老年人7458例进行调查，这是（）

A.分析性研究

B.抽样调查

C.普查

D.筛检

E.发病率调查

销售预测不包括（）。

A.行业销售预测

B.本出版单位市场占有率预测

C.出版物内容变化趋势预测

D.竞争对手市场占有率预测

阅读理解。

     Sleeping in anything other than a completely dark room could cause depression (抑郁), according to a

new study of hamsters.

     Tracy Bedrosian, a researcher at Ohio State University, US, presented the research on November 17 at

the annual meeting of the American Society for Neuroscience (神经系统科学) in San Diego.

     Researchers believe that even having a dim (暗淡的) light on-such as a night light often used in a child's

room or the glow (发光) of a TV screen, changes the chemical balance of the brain.

     While more work is needed to find out if the results are relevant to human beings, the findings might

explain why night-shift (夜班的) workers are at higher risk of depression than others, the researchers said.?

     Over the last century, nighttime lights have become common, but it's not clear whether sleeping with one

has an effect on the brain.

     As part of the investigation, Tracy Bedrosian, a researcher at Ohio State University, and her team, placed

hamsters in two environments. In one, hamsters experienced 16 hours of daylight and eight hours of complete

darkness each day. In the other, the animals experienced 16 hours of daylight, but at nighttime, a dim light was

kept on.

     After eight weeks, the researchers tested the hamsters for behaviors that would suggest they were

depressed. For example, they looked to see whether the hamsters still practiced activities they usually enjoyed,

such as drinking sugar water.

     In people, loss of enjoyment is known as a symptom of depression.

     Hamsters in both groups were given a choice between drinking tap (水龙头) water or sugar water. The

hamsters that slept with lights on at night drank similar amounts of tap and sugar water - they'd lost their

preference (偏好) for the sweet water.

     "That suggests to us that they are not getting the same pleasure from drinking their sugar water, and that

may be a depression-like response," Bedrosian said.

     Researchers found these changes in behavior were caused by chemical changes in a part of brain called

the hippocampus (海马状突起).

     Previous studies on humans have found the hippocampus to be involved in depression. A patient with major

depression has a smaller hippocampus, Bedrosian said.

     If the same mechanism (机制) exists in people, then they "might want to try to avoid falling asleep with

their TVs on all night," Bedrosian said.

1. What may cause depression according to the article? [ ]

A. To sleep in the dark.

B. To sleep with the light on.

C. To sleep in a new environment.

D. To sleep after drinking sugar water.

2. What did Tracy Bedrosian and her team find in the research? [ ]

A. Loss of enjoyment is a symptom of depression.

B. Sleeping with the light on affects the human brain.

C. Two groups of hamsters drank similar amounts of sugar water.

D. Hamsters no longer enjoyed drinking sugar water after they had slept with the light on.

3. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the article?[ ]

A. TV noise may affect quality of sleep.

B. A depressed patient has a larger hippocampus.

C. People who stay up late at night are more likely to be depressed.

D. The hamsters' behavioral changes were caused by chemical changes in the brain.

4. If the research turns out to be useful for understanding of human depression, it would be advisable _____. [ ]

A. to sleep with a night light

B. not to watch TV at night

C. to sleep in total darkness

D. to put an end to night shifts

在术前检查病人时，有时常采用简单的吹火柴实验来评估肺功能，如果病人不能吹灭火柴，大致可以估计该病人的FEV₁／FVC（）

A.<75%

B.<72%

C.<70%

D.<65%

E.<60%

什么是第一类传热及第二类传热恶化？两类传热恶化各有何特点？