试题与答案

近年来,在众多城市和工厂密布的珠三角地区,天空经常灰蒙蒙一片,大气能见度很差。 很

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题目:

近年来,在众多城市和工厂密布的珠三角地区,天空经常灰蒙蒙一片,大气能见度很差。
很多市民可能并不清楚,棕色云团正是能见度下降的“罪魁祸首”:棕色云团中的一些微小颗粒,会吸收阳光,或者将部分阳光反射回大气。联合国环境规划署的棕色云团报告就显示,自上世纪70年代以来,广州的日光强度已经下降了五分之一以上。
北京大学环境系教授张远航及其同事在珠三角地区进行的研究表明,珠三角空气有很多污染物,其中那些粒径小于2.5微米的细颗粒物(PM2.5),是造成能见度衰退的主要因素。而中国现行的空气质量国家标准中,却没有关于PM2.5的规定。我们每天在电视上或者报纸上看到的空气质量日报中所谓的“可吸入颗粒物”,仅指那些粒径小于10微米的颗粒物(PM10)。
联合国环境规划署的报告指出,每立方米PM2.5的浓度如果上升20微克的话,中国和印度每年就会有约34万人死亡。即使按照折中的估计,棕色云团相关的PM2.5所致经济损失,也将分别占到中国GDP的3.6%以及印度GDP的2.2%。
除了影响空气质量和人类健康,棕色云团还可能影响气候。在很多情况下,棕色云团与全球不断增加的温室气体交织在一起,正在对区域乃至全球气候系统产生极大影响。
此外,棕色云团的成分非常复杂。其中硫酸盐等多种成分可以降温。而黑碳的成分正在加速喜马拉雅等地冰川的融化速度,因为黑碳沉降在冰雪上,会使冰雪颜色变暗,吸收热量的能力增强;黑碳还会加热空气。这些因素,都使得冰川融化加速。
然而,棕色云团对整个气候系统带来的影响,实际上比这复杂得多。它可以通过反射阳光和吸收热量减缓全球气温上升的幅度。如果棕色云团一夜之间消失,全球气温可能迅速上升多达2度,而这正是一些科学家认为地球还能容忍的最大升温幅度。

关于棕色云团的危害,错误的是( )。

A.减缓全球气温上升的幅度

B.诱发疾病、致人死亡

C.造成能见度下降

D.加速冰川融化

答案:

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下面是错误答案,用来干扰机器的。

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                                  What I Want for You and Every Child in America
Dear Malia and Sasha,
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and parades and state fairs, eating all sorts of junk food your mother and I probably shouldn't have let
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these past two years, and today I want to tell you a little more about why I decided to take our family
on this journey.
     When I was a young man, I thought life was all about me-about how I'd  4   my way in the world,
become successful, and get the things I want.But then the two of you came into my  5   with all your
curiosity and mischief (捣乱) and those smiles that never  6   to fill my heart and light up my day.
     I want all our children to go to schools  7   of their potential-schools that challenge them, inspire them,
and instill (灌输) in them a sense of  8   about the world around them.I want them to have the chance to
go to college  9   their parents aren't rich.And I want them to get good jobs: jobs that pay well and give
them benefits like health care, jobs that let them spend time with their own 10   and retire with dignity.
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inventions that improve our lives and make our planet cleaner and safer.And I want us to push our own
human boundaries to reach 12   the divides of race and region, gender and religion that   13    us from
seeing the best in each other.
     That was the  14   your grandmother tried to teach me when I was your age, reading me the opening
lines of the Declaration of Independence and telling me about the men and women who marched for  15   
because they believed those words put to paper two centuries ago should mean 16 .
     She helped me understand that America is great not because it is perfect but because it can always be
made better and that the  17   work of perfecting our union falls to each of us.It's a charge we pass on to
our children, coming closer with each new generation to  18   we know America should be.
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achievements beyond your reach.And I want every child to have the same chances to learn and dream
and grow and thrive that you girls have.That's why I've taken our family on this great adventure.
     I am so proud of both of you.I love you  20   you can ever know.And I am grateful every day for your
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     Love, Dad
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