阅读理解。 Grown－ups know that people and ob

题目：

阅读理解。

     Grown－ups know that people and objects are solid. At the movies, we know that if we reach out to

touch Tom Cruise, all we will feel is air. But does a baby have this understanding?

     To see whether babies know objects are solid, T. Bower designed a method for projecting an optical

illusion (视觉影像) of a hanging ball. His plan was to first give babies a real ball, one they could reach out

and touch, and then to show them the illusion. If they knew that objects are solid and they reached out for

the illusion and found empty air, they could be expected to show surprise in their faces and movements.

All the 16-to 24- week -old babies tested were surprised when they reached for the illusion and found that

the ball was not there.

     Grown－ups also have a sense of object permanence. We know that if we put a box in a room and lock

the door, the box will still be there when we come back. But does a baby realize that a ball that rolls under a

chair does not disappear and go to never-never land?

     Experiments done by Bower suggest that babies develop a sense of object permanence when they are

about 18 weeks old. In his experiments, Bower used a toy train that went behind a screen. When

16－week－old and 22-week-old babies watched the toy train disappear behind the left side of the screen,

they looked to the right, expecting it to reappear. If the experimenter took the train off the table and lifted the

screen, all the babies seemed surprised not to see the train. This seems to show that all the babies had a sense

of object permanence. But the second part of the experiment showed that this was not really the case. The

researcher substituted (替换) a ball for the train when it went behind the screen. The 22-week-old babies

seemed surprised and looked back to the left side for the train. But the 16-week -old babies did not seem to

notice the switch (更换). Thus, the 16-week-old babies seemed to have a sense of "something permanence,"

while the 22－week－old babies had a sense of object permanence related to a particular object.

1. The passage is mainly about _____.

A. babies' sense of sight

B. effects of experiments on babies

C. babies' understanding of objects

D. different tests on babies' feelings

2. In Paragraph 3," object permanence" means that when out of sight, an object ______.

A. still exists

B. keeps its shape

C. still stays solid

D. is beyond reach

3. What did Bower use in his experiments?

A. A chair.

B. A screen.

C. A film.

D. A box.

4. Which of the following statements is true?

A. The babies didn't have a sense of direction.

B. The older babies preferred toy trains to balls.

C. The younger babies liked looking for missing objects.

D. The babies couldn't tell a ball from its optical illusion.