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阅读以下文字回答问题 1928年,英国有一位名叫森金斯的科学家,在实验中发现,一

题型:单项选择题

题目:

阅读以下文字回答问题
1928年,英国有一位名叫森金斯的科学家,在实验中发现,一些金属经过高温处理或添加某些元素之后,会变得像面团和软糖一样柔软和易于加工。只要施加很小一点压力和拉力就可以延长几倍、几十倍以至几千倍。于是,便把这种现象称之为超塑现象,并把具有这种特性的金属,称之为超塑金属。
众所周知,金属在常温下是以固体状态存在的。晶体原子排列成紧密的晶格点阵,保持着其原有的各种特性。而当加热到一定高温之后,有一些金属和化合物中的晶格原子就变得活跃起来,从而打破了原有的紧密的晶格点阵,降低了原子间的结合力,增加了金属的[ ]。这样,原来难以进行加工的固体金属就会变得易于成型。
超塑金属具有两个非常有用的特点。一个是在到达超塑性温度以上时,金属显现出的易于加工的柔软性能,伸长率可达到500%~2000%,个别的竟可达到6000%;另一个是在常温下重现的抗压、抗拉和耐腐蚀性能。科技人员利用它的这种双重性能,就可以制造出许多具有独特功能的超级合成材料,创造出先进的金属加工工艺,生产出许多新奇的产品。现在,超塑金属已经在众多的领域中大显身手,表现出新颖、奇特的功能。
在航空和航天技术的发展中,需要有高强度、高模量、耐高温、低密度的新型复合材料。过去,普遍采用粉末冶金、扩散焊接和电化学等方法来制取。超塑金属的出现,为人们制造复合材料找到了进行合成的新方法。在超塑状态下,把铝、硅基的脆性合金压制成几十微米厚的薄片,以此作为基体材料。然后,再在基体材料中渗入硼纤维或碳纤维作为骨架。这样,就可以综合基体材料和骨架材料的双重优点,相互取长补短,制造出合乎要求的超级材料。例如硼纤维和铝制成的复合材料,用来加强飞机上的衬板,可以使机翼的刚度提高50%,自重减轻一半。若是用来制造整个飞机,可以使整体重量减轻近四分之一。
利用超塑金属还可以进行成型工艺的加工。加以很小的压力,就能够产生很大的变性。经测定,超塑金属的成型压力仅为一般金属的几分之一到几十分之一。一般地说,采用45吨的压机就可以成型,而一般的金属冷挤压成型则要用300吨以上的压机。而且,采用超塑金属加工零件可以一次成型,节省了其他的加工工序和时间。如制造钛合金涡轮盘,若采用机加工的方法每件需要32~56小时,现采用超塑性高温加工,每件成型工时只需要10~20分钟,工效提高了近80倍。同时,材料消耗也降低了一半。

以下哪项说法不符合文意( )

A.超塑金属的成型压力比一般金属小得多

B.超塑金属永远不会生锈

C.采用超塑金属加工零件只需要一道工序

D.超塑金属在成型工艺的加工方面具有一般金属不能比拟的高效率

答案:

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参考答案:A

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