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阅读理解。 Humpback whales Humpback whales ar

题型:阅读理解

题目:

阅读理解。
                                                                 Humpback whales


     Humpback whales are sometimes called performers of the ocean.This is because they can make
impressive movements when they dive.The name “humpback”, which is the common name for this whale,
refers to the typical curve shape the whale's back forms as it dives.
     Sometimes the humpback will dive with a fantastic movement known as a breach.During breaching
the whale uses its powerful tail flukes to lift nearly twothirds of its body out of the water in a giant leap.A
breach might also include a sideways twist with fins stretched out like wings, as the whale reaches the
height of the breach.
     A humpback whale breathes air at the surface of the water through two blowholes which are located
near the top of the head.It blows a double stream of water that can rise up to 4 metres above the water.
     The humpback has a small dorsal fin located towards the tail flukes about twothirds of the way down
its back.Other distinguishing features include large pectoral fins, which may be up to a third of the body
length, and unique black and white spots on the underside of the tail flukes.These markings are like finger
prints: no two are the same.
     Humpback whales live in large groups.They communicate with each other through complex “songs”
Quick Facts
Size:14m18m in length;
3050 tons in weight
Living  environment:Open ocean and shallow coastline waters
Migration:From warm tropical (热带的) waters, where they breed, to cold polar waters,
where they eat
Diet:Shellfish, plants and fish of small size
Hunting:Sometimes in groups, in which several whales form a circle under the water, blowing bubbles that form a “net” around a school of fish.The fish are then forced up to the surface in a concentrated mass.
Current state:Endangered: it is estimated that there are about 50007500 humpback whales worldwide
1. According to Quick Facts, a humpback whale _____.
A. cannot survive in waters near the shore
B. doesn't live in the same waters all the time
C. lives mainly on underwater plants
D. prefers to work alone when hunting food
2. To make a breach, a humpback whale must _____.
A. use its tail flukes to leap out of the water
B. twist its body sideways to jump high
C. blow two streams of water
D. communicate with a group of humpbacks
3. From the passage we can learn that a humpback whale _____.
A. has its unique markings on its tail flukes
B. has black and white fingerprints
C. gets its name from the way it hunts
D. is a great performer due to its songs

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题型:阅读理解与欣赏

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姚天福,字君祥,绛州人。父居实,避兵徙雁门。天福幼读《春秋》,通大义。及长,以材辟怀仁丞。至元五年,诏立御史台,以天福为阁管勾,寻拜监察御史。每廷折权臣,帝嘉其直,赐名巴儿思,谓其不畏强悍,犹虎也。仍厚赐以旌其忠,天福曰:“臣职居抨弹,惟负爵禄是惧,敢贪厚赏,以重臣罪?

时御史台置二大夫,纲纪无统,天福言于世祖曰:“古称一蛇九尾,首动尾随;一蛇二首,不能寸进。今台纲不张,有一蛇二首之患。陛下不急拯之,久则紊不可理。”帝诏玉速帖木儿及孛罗谕之,孛罗以年幼自劾。天福时按行畿内,有出使者凌民取贿,天福乃易服间行得其状,奏戮之以徇,豪右慑服。

十二年,诏罢各道按察司,天福白大夫玉速帖木儿曰:“是司之设,所以广视听、虞非常,虑至深远,不但绳有司而已也。”大夫骇然曰:“微公言,几失之。”夜入帝卧内,奏其言,帝大悟,诏复立之。权臣不悦,左迁天福朝列大夫、衡州路同知,不就,起为河东道提刑按察副使。时北鄙兵兴,转输烦急,河东民苦徭役。天福以反侧为忧,劾执政失计,奏罢其役。征拜中顺大夫、治书侍御史。

十六年,江南既平,授嘉议大夫、淮西道按察使。淮甸当兵冲,将吏有豪猾为民害者,悉铲除之,民大悦。转湖北道按察使,发省臣赃事数十以闻。帝以其尝有勋劳,特原之,而流其党与,州郡称治。二十年,迁山北道按察使,其民鲜知稼穑,天福教以树艺,皆致蕃富,民为建祠,而刻石以纪之。二十二年,入为刑部尚书,寻出为扬州路总管。二十六年,复为淮西按察使,按巨 * * 一人,没其家赀,政化大行。

二十八年,桑哥败,考讯党援,平阳为多,以天福为平阳总管,俾穷治其事。俄拜甘肃行省参知政事,以母老辞。三十一年,授陕西汉中道肃政廉访使,寻除真定路总管。真定驿传之需,多为民害,天福更议措置之方,使不扰民,宪长争之。省臣以其事闻,诏从之,颁其制为天下式。大德二年,授江西行省参政,以疾辞。四年,拜参知政事、大都路总管,兼大兴府尹,畿甸大治。后之尹京者,以天福为称首。六年,以疾卒,年七十三。

初,天福拜御史时,其母戒之曰:“古称公尔忘私,委质为臣,当罄所衷,以塞其职,勿以未亡人为恤,俾吾追踪陵母,死之日犹生之年也。”天福亦请于宪府曰:“监察责当言路,有犯无隐,苟获谴,乞不为亲累。”或以闻,帝叹曰:“巴儿思母子虽生今世,其义烈之言当于古人中求之。”

(节选自《元史 列传第五十五》)

小题1:对下列句子中加点词的解释,不正确的一项是

A.及长,以材怀仁丞辟:征召

B.奏戮之以徇:示众

C.时北兵兴鄙:边邑

D.巨 * * 一人按:揭发小题2:下列各句中,加点词意义和用法都相同的一项是

A.仍厚赐旌其忠 君臣固守窥周室

B.陛下不急拯遇 * * ,可谓深矣

C.帝以尝有勋劳 进愈难,而其见愈奇

D.颁其制天下式 奚以之九万里而南小题3:把第Ⅰ卷文言文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。(8分)

(1)臣职居抨弹,惟负爵禄是惧,敢贪厚赏,以重臣罪?(4分)

(2)淮甸当兵冲,将吏有豪猾为民害者,悉铲除之,民大悦。(4分)

小题4:第Ⅰ卷文言文传主姚天福“公尔忘私”的高尚品质表现在哪些方面?请简要概括。(4分)

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