试题与答案

某石化厂将原有3.9万t/a的丁基橡胶生产能力扩大为4.5万t/a,对现有的生产装置

题型:问答题

题目:

某石化厂将原有3.9万t/a的丁基橡胶生产能力扩大为4.5万t/a,对现有的生产装置进行改造。生产单元在乙烯、丙烯和氯甲烷压缩机不动的前提下,增加1台聚合釜及其配套设施。尾气处理单元配套建设1套氯甲烷处理设施。改扩建工程的主要原料为异丁烯和异戊二烯,年运行时间为8000h。丁基橡胶是在很低的温度(-100℃)下操作和半连续生产条件下由异丁烯和异戊二烯聚合得到,催化剂为无水三氯化铝的氯甲烷溶液,生成的含丁基橡胶粒的聚合液进入脱气釜,经汽提分离、脱水后,挤压膨胀干燥、压块、包装出厂。改扩建前后的物料平衡和公用工程如表2和表3所示。

表2 改扩建前后的物料平衡
入方/(t/a) 出方/(t/a)
物料名称 改造前 改造后 物料名称 改造前 改造后
异丁烯 44176 51072 丁基橡胶 39000 45000
异戊二烯 1155.2 1350.4 回收异丁烯 5394 6293.6
三氯化铝 32.96 38.4 重组分 120 160
溶剂油 90.4 90.4 轻组分 451.84 564.8
硬脂酸钙 43.76 60 废胶液 90.4 90.4
防老剂 50.4 90.4 废胶粒 180 208
烯烃废气 133.12 166.4
无组织排放

合计 合计
表3 改扩建前后的公用工程
公用工程 改造前 改造后
循环水/(tha) 5500 5500
新鲜水/(t/h) 15 10
3.0MPa蒸汽/(t/h) 98.48 113.63
仪表空气/(t/h) 1.5 0.232
氮气/(t/h) 0.421 0.456
电/[(kW·h)/h] 4259 4 999
[问题]

从聚合单元的脱气釜出来的未反应的单体和氯甲烷蒸汽经分离、干燥,再进入氯甲烷精馏塔。在回收过程中,氯甲烷精馏废气及干燥剂再生时产生的废气进入与改扩建配套的尾气处理的热氧化装置/急冷塔/洗涤塔处理系统,采用直接燃烧法进行处理。氯甲烷去除率为99.9%。改扩建前后氯甲烷的产生量分别为654.83t/a和792.34t/a,改扩建前不加处理直排大气,改扩建后采用直接燃烧法进行处理,试计算改扩建前后排入大气的氯甲烷量及氯甲烷减少率。

答案:

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