北京市委增强国际竞争力和服务功能的措施，一方面，加大______________

In old times，man considered lightning to be one of the great mysteries（神秘事物）of nature．In fact a single flash of lightning 1.6 kilometers long has enough electricity to light one million lamps．

The American scientist，Benjamin Franklin，was the first to suggest that lightning is in fact electricity formed between the earth and clouds high above．It happened in 1752．In the same year，he also built the first lightning rod（避雷针）to protect buildings from being struck by lightnings．

Modern science has discovered that lightning is very strong and powerful．A lightning between a cloud and the earth may be as long as 13 kilometers，and travels at a speed of 30 million meters per second．Scientists have the opinion that there are about 2000 million flashes of lightning per year．In the United States alone，it kills almost one person per day．

The safest place to be in during an electrical（电的）storm is a closed car．Outside，one should go close to low ground for cover and not stop under a tree．Also one should stay out of water and away from metal fences．Inside a house people should keep away from open doorways and windows and not touch wires or metal things．

小题1:From this passage we know lightning is____．

A．one of the great mysteries of nature．

B．electricity high above the earth．

C．a kind of light．

D．the sound from the clouds．小题2:In the U．S____．

A．every person can see lightning every day．

B．at least one person is killed by lightning every day．

C．there are about 6 million flashes of lightning per year．

D．about one person per day dies from lightning．小题3:During a lightning storm，it would be best if you____．

A．stand under a tree．

B．go outside．

C．stay in a closed car．

D．stop near windows．小题4:A lightning rod can______．

A．prevent accidents caused by lightning

B．stop lightning

C．protect buildings from being washed away．

D．delay the coming of lightning小题5:A lightning between a cloud and the earth may be 13 kilometers long，and travels at

a speed of ______．

A．30 kilometres per second．

B．3000 kilometres per second

C．3 kilometres per second

D．30，000 kilometres per second

根据短文内容， 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Tips for Cooking on a Tight Schedule

From my experience , there are three main reasons why people don’t cook more often :ability , money , and time 小题1:  .Money is a topic I’ll save for another day .So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spent in the kitchen .Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule :

Think ahead .The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I’m already hungry and there’s nothing ready to eat .So think ahead of the coming week .When will you have time to cook ?Do you have the right materials already ? 小题2:   .

Make your time worth it .When you do find time to cook a meal , make the most of it and save yourself time later on .Are you making one loaf of bread ?  小题3:  .It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something .So save yourself the effort for future meal .

小题4:   This may surprise you , but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation .It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can  work well with your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.

Hopefully that gives you a good start. 小题5:_______ And don’t let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!

A．Try new things.

B．Ability is easily improved.

C．Make three or four instead.

D．Understand your food better.E. Cooking is a burden for many people.

F. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.

G. A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.

志贺菌所致疾病中，下列哪一项不正确（）

A.传染源是病人和带菌者，无动物宿主

B.人类对志贺菌较易感，10～200个细菌就可使10%～50%志愿者致病

C.痢疾志贺菌感染患者病情较重

D.福氏志贺菌感染者易转变为慢性

E.急性中毒性菌痢以小儿多见，有明显的消化道症状

第六题    调水工程

    某城市为解决城市供水水源问题，拟建设调水工程，由市域内大清河跨流域调水到碧河的碧河水库，年均调水量为1.87×10⁷m³，设计引水流量为0.75m³/s，碧河水库现有兴利库容为3×10⁷m³，主要使用功能拟由“防洪，农业灌溉供水，水产养殖”调整为“防洪，城市供水和农业灌溉供水”。

    本工程由引水枢纽和输水工程两部分组成。引水枢纽位于大清河上游，由引水低坝、进水闸和冲沙闸组成，坝址处多年平均径流量9.12×107m³，坝前回水约3.2km，输水工程全长42.94km，由引水隧洞和管道组成，其中引水隧洞长19.51km，洞项埋深8～32m。引水隧洞进口接引水枢纽，出口与DN1300的预应力混凝土输水管相连，输水管道管顶埋深为1.8～2.5m，管线总长为23.43km。

    按工程设计方案，坝前回水淹没耕地9hm²，不涉及居民搬迁，工程施工弃渣总量为17万m³。工程弃渣方案拟设置两个集中式弃渣场，消纳引水枢纽工程和引水隧洞工程的弃渣。1^#弃渣场容量8.9万m³，位于引水枢纽坝址下游的河滩上；2^#弃渣场容量120万m³，位于引水隧洞出口附近的一荒沟内，弃渣场均设计有挡渣设施。工程施工道路主要依靠乡村道路。

    某城市所在区域多年平均降水量410mm，土地沙化、荒漠化趋势严重，工程区分布有面积不等的固定沙地、半固定沙地、流动沙丘，引水工程沿线以沙生植被为主。大清河坝址处水质满足《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)Ⅱ类标准要求，拟建引水坝址下游5km为大清河灌区，该灌区是该城市粮食主产区，以大清河为主要灌溉水源。经水资源论证，调水工程不影响该灌区用水。

        [问题]

分析说明工程弃渣方案的环境合理性。

过流断面