题目：
It is easy for us to tell our friends from our enemies. But can other animals do the same? Elephants can! They can use their sense of vision and smell to tell the difference between people who pose a threat and those who do not.
In Kenya, researchers found that elephants react differently to clothing worn by men of the Maasai and Kamba ethnic groups. Young Maasai men spear animals and thus pose a threat to elephants; Kamba men are mainly farmers and are not a danger to elephants.
In an experiment conducted by animal scientists, elephants were first presented with clean clothing or clothing that had been worn for five days by either a Maasai or a Kamba man. When the elephants detected(察觉)the smell of clothing worn by a Maasai man, they moved away from the smell faster and took longer to relax than when they detected the smells of either clothing worn by Kamba men or clothing that had not been worn at all.
Clothing color also plays a role, though in a different way. In the same study, when the elephants saw red clothing not worn before, they reacted angrily, as red is typically worn by Maasai men. Rather than running away as they did with the smell, the elephants acted aggressively toward the red clothing.
The researchers believe that the elephants’ emotional reactions are due to their different interpretations of the smells and the sights. Smelling a potential danger means that a threat is nearby and the best thing to do is run away and hide. Seeing a potential threat without its smell means that risk is low. Therefore, instead of showing fear and running away, the elephants express their anger and become aggressive.
小题1:According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE about Kamba and Maasai people?
A．Maasai people are a threat to elephants.
B．Kamba people raise elephants for farming.
C．Both Kamba and Maasai people are elephant hunters.
D．Both Kamba and Maasai people traditionally wear red clothing.小题2: How did the elephants react to smell in the study?
A．They attacked a man with the smell of new clothing.
B．They needed time to relax when smelling something unfamiliar.
C．They became anxious when they smelled Kamba-scented(有…气味的) clothing.
D．They were frightened and ran away when they smelled their enemies.小题3: What is the main idea of this passage?
A．Elephants use sight and smell to detect danger.
B．Elephants attack people who wear red clothing.
C．Scientists are now able to control elephants’ emotions.
D．Some Kenyan tribes understand elephants’ emotions very well.小题4:What can be inferred about the elephants’ behavior from this passage?
A．Elephants learn from their experience.
B．Elephants have sharper sense of smell than sight.
C．Elephants are more intelligent than other animals.
D．Elephants tend to attack rather than escape when in danger.
答案：
小题1:A
小题2:D
小题3:A
小题4:A
题目分析：本文叙述了人类很容易就可以判断出谁是我们的朋友，谁是我们的敌人。动物也有自己的方法判断敌我。文章讲述了大象通过视觉和嗅觉来判断它们的敌人。
小题1:细节理解题。根据第二段的 “Young Maasai men spear animals and thus pose a threat to elephants. . . ”可知Maasai人是大象的敌人。故选A。
小题2:细节理解题。根据第三段的 “When the elephants detected the smell of clothing worn by a Maasai man, they moved away from the smell faster. . . ”可知大象闻到敌人的味道的反应是恐惧和逃跑。故选D。
小题3:主旨大意题。根据第一段的 “They can use their sense of vision and smell to tell the difference between people who pose a threat and those who do not. ”可知主要讲大象这种动物用视觉和嗅觉来感知危险。故选A。
小题4:推理判断题。根据第三段：“当大象闻到Maasai人通常穿的衣服时，他们会跑开，故选A。
点评：所谓主旨大意题，就是指那些针对文章的主要内容、主题、标题或写作目的所设置的问题。这类题主要考查同学们在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法对文章进行高度概括或总结的能力。
