工业以轻工业为先导逐渐转向以重工业、化学工业为中心的发展过程，即所谓重工业、化学工业

小宇利用图所示装置将一细光束斜射到空气中，用于探究“光的折射规律”。

（1）为了更清晰地观察水中的光路。可以采用的办法是：_______________。实验中，_________(填“能”或“不能”)看见反射光线。

（2）实验的折射光路如图中所示，可以判定折射角_________填 “大于” 、“小于’’或“等于”)入射角。增大入射角观察到折射角在__________（填“增大”或“减小”）。 若不断增大光在水中的入射角，会观察到的现象是：入射角到一定值时，________________。

阅读理解

     Nuclear-powered aircraft carriers are considered one of the most important marine weapons in the 20th century. So far, only two countries in the world, the USA and France, have ever produced them. But these fearful fighting machines are about to enter Asia.

     The US Navy said last month that one of its nine nuclearpowered aircraft carriers will be sent to Japan

to replace the diesel(柴油)powered carrier Kitty Hawk in 2008. In an agreement on October 30, the two countries also planned to level up their military (军事的) cooperation and the USA called for Japan to

take a larger role in alliance military moves.

     It will be the first time that a nuclearpowered carrier is based in Japan. Bombed by US forces in World War ? at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan is the only world country to have been attacked by a nuclear

weapon. Therefore, the citizens are highly sensitive to where nuclearpowered weapons are based.

"A radiation leak at Yokosuka would kill 100,000 people as far away as Tokyo, and could cause billions of dollars in damage," said Masahiko Goto, leader of a protest group in Yokosuka. His group has

collected more than 300,000 signatures of people across Japan opposed to the nuclear carrier.

     The 44-year-old Kitty Hawk, the US Navy's oldest active ship, has been based in Yokosuka since

1998. It had returned to the US to be decommissioned in 2008. The new carrier, yet to be unveiled,_will

travel faster, be capable of supporting longer operations and carry with it the Navy's most modern

technology.

     Experts pointed that this change is not only to strengthen the USJapan military alliance but also to keep the military power of China and North Korea within limits. However, even Japanese experts don't believe

that the two countries are threats to the region.

     "There is no need for Japan to have a nuclear carrier as defense," said Tetsuo Maeda, an international

relations professor at Tokyo International University. He said that the change of ship indicates an increased military capability in the region, much more than what is needed.

1. With such a formidable weapon to enter its country, Japanese citizens ________.

A. are aware of its benefits to the country

B. are anxious about its potential danger

C. are curious about the advanced technology

D. are against where the carrier will be based

2. The replacement of the aircraft carrier is intended to________.

A. set up a kind of base in Japan

B. strengthen the USJapan military alliance

C. show Japan's greater military capability

D. get rid of the dated marine weapon

3.From the story, we learn that________.

A. no other countries except the USA and France possess aircraft carriers

B. Japan has long planned to increase its military capability with new weapons

C. Japan will be the first country in Asia to have a nuclear aircraft carrier

D. Japan will be the third country to produce a nuclearpowered aircraft carrier

4. The underlined word "unveiled" in the fifth paragraph probably means________.

A. perfected  

B. discussed about

C. produced  

D. brought to view

5. By his remark in the last paragraph, the professor means that________.

A. he is quite confident of their military defense

B. he is completely opposed to a new nuclear carrier

C. what is needed is far more than a nuclear carrier

D. it is unnecessary to guard against the two countries

某企业为增值税一般纳税人，2000年5月发生以下业务：

（1）从农业生产者手中收购玉米40吨，每吨收购价3000元，共计支付收购价款120000元。企业将收购的玉米从收购地直接运往异地的某酒厂生产加工药酒，酒厂在加工过程中代垫辅助材料款15000元。药酒加工完毕，企业收回药酒时取得酒厂开具的增值税专用发票，注明加工费30000元、增值税额5100元，加工的药酒当地无同类产品市场价格。本月内企业将收回的药酒批发售出，取得不含税销售额260000元。另外支付给运输单位的销货运输费用12000元，取得普通发票。

（2）购进货物取得增值税专用发票，注明金额450000元、增值税额76500元；支付给运输单位的购货运输费用22500元，取得普通发票。本月将已验收入库货物的80%零售，取得含税销售额585000元，20%用作本企业集体福利。

（3）购进原材料取得增值税专用发票，注明金额160000元、增值税额27200元，材料验收入库。本月生产加工一批新产品450件，每件成本价380元（无同类产品市场价格），全部售给本企业职工，取得不含税销售额171000元。月末盘存发现上月购进的原材料被盗，金额50000元（其中含分摊的运输费用4650元。）

（4）销售使用过的摩托车4辆，取得含税销售额25440元。另外，发生逾期押金收入12870元。

（药酒的消费税税率为10%）

要求：

（1）计算业务（1）中酒厂应代收代缴的消费税。

（2）计算业务（1）中应缴纳的增值税。

（3）计算业务（2）中应缴纳的增值税。

（4）计算业务（3）中应缴纳的增值税。

（5）计算业务（4）中应缴纳的增值税。

某锅炉燃用渣油，运行中测得的实际空气量是11.55Nm³∕kg，每千克渣油燃烧需的理论空气量是10.5Nm³/kg，求过量空气系数α。

简述高温回火目的。