试题与答案

磷是地壳中含量较为丰富的非金属元素,主要以难溶于水的磷酸盐如Ca3(PO4)2等

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题目:

磷是地壳中含量较为丰富的非金属元素,主要以难溶于水的磷酸盐如Ca3(PO4)2等形式存在。它的单质和化合物在工农业生产中有着重要的应用。

(1)白磷(P4)可由Ca3(PO4)2、焦炭和SiO2在一定条件下反应获得。相关热化学方程式如下:

①2Ca3(PO4)2(s)+10C(s)6CaO(s)+P4(s)+10CO(g)ΔH1="+3" 359.26 kJ·mol-1

②CaO(s)+SiO2(s)CaSiO3(s) ΔH2=-89.61 kJ·mol-1

2Ca3(PO4)2(s)+6SiO2(s)+10C(s)6CaSiO3(s)+P4(s)+10CO(g)ΔH3则ΔH3=   kJ·mol-1

(2)白磷中毒后可用CuSO4溶液解毒,解毒原理可用下列化学方程式表示: 11P4+60CuSO4 +96H2O20Cu3P +24H3PO4+60H2SO4  6 mol CuSO4能氧化白磷的物质的量是         

(3)磷的重要化合物NaH2PO4、Na2HPO4和Na3PO4可通过H3PO4与NaOH溶液反应获得,含磷各物种的分布分数(平衡时某物种的浓度占各物种浓度之和的分数)与pH的关系如图所示。

①为获得尽可能纯的NaH2PO4,pH应控制在; pH=8时,溶液中主要含磷物种浓度大小关系为  

②Na2HPO4溶液显碱性,若向溶液中加入足量的CaCl2溶液,溶液则显酸性,其原因是   (写离子方程式)。

(4)磷的化合物三氯氧磷()与季戊四醇()以物质的量之比2∶1反应时,可获得一种新型阻燃剂中间体X,并释放出一种酸性气体。季戊四醇与X的核磁共振氢谱如下图所示。

①酸性气体是                (填化学式)

②X的结构简式为                 

答案:

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参考答案:A, B, C, D, E

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