试题与答案

某研究性学习小组为了研究Cu与浓H2SO4的反应,设计如下实验探究方案(装置中的

题型:填空题

题目:

某研究性学习小组为了研究Cu与浓H2SO4的反应,设计如下实验探究方案(装置中的固定仪器和酒精灯均未画出)

实验选用细铜丝、98.3%H2SO4、品红溶液、澄清石灰水、CC14、NaOH溶液等药品,铜丝被卷成螺旋状,一端没入浓H2SO4中,另一端露置在液面上方。

以下是该学习小组部分交流记录及后续探究实验的记录。

材料一:小组交流滴录

学生1:加热前,无现象发生;加热后,液面下铜丝变黑,产生气泡,有细小黑色颗粒状物质从铜丝表面进入浓硫酸中,黑色物质是什么?值得探究!

学生2:我也观察到黑色颗粒状物质,后来逐渐转变为灰白色固体,我想该灰白色固体极有可能是未溶于浓硫酸的CuSO4

学生3:你们是否注意到液面以上的铜丝也发黑,而且试管上部内壁有少量淡黄色S固体凝

聚,会不会液面以上的铜丝与硫发生了反应,我查资料发现:2Cu+S=CuS(黑色)。

材料二:探究实验剪辑

实验1:将光亮的铜丝在酒精灯火焰上灼烧变黑,然后插入稀硫酸中,铜丝重新变得光亮,溶液呈蓝绿色;将光亮的铜丝置入加热的硫蒸气中变黑,然后插入稀硫酸中无变化。

实验2:截取浓硫酸液面上方变黑的铜丝,插入稀硫酸中无变化;将浓硫酸液面下方变黑的铜丝,插入稀硫酸、黑色明显变浅,溶液呈蓝绿色。

实验3:将溶液中的黑色颗粒状物质,经过滤、稀硫酸洗、蒸馏水洗、干燥后放入氧气流中加热,然后冷却,用电子天平称重发现质量减少10%左右。

根据上述材料回答下列问题:

(1)D、E两支试管中CC14的作用是                    

(2)加热过程中,观察到A试管中出现大量白色烟雾,起初部分烟雾在试管上部内壁析出淡黄色固体物质,在持续加热浓硫酸(沸腾)时,淡黄色固体物质又慢慢地消失。写出淡黄色固体消失的化学反应方程式:                    

(3)对A试管中的浓H2SO4和铜丝进行加热,很快发现C试管中品红溶液褪色,但始终未见D试管中澄清石灰水出现浑浊或沉淀。学生1猜想是由于SO2溶解度较大,生成了Ca(HSO32的缘故。请你设计实验验证学生1的猜想                 

                                                           

(4)根据上述研究,结合所学知识,你认为液面下方铜丝表面的黑色物质成分是                                              ;(写化学式)

(5)反应完全后稀释溶液呈酸性,学生2猜想反应中浓硫酸可能过量,请你设计一个简单的实验以验证稀释后的溶液由于硫酸过量呈酸性,                            

答案:

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参考答案:牙型、大径、螺距

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