摄影师抓拍到了一个有趣的场面（如图）：一只乌鸦站在飞翔的老鹰背上休憩．下列说法正

下列加大基牙的负担除外（）

A.缺牙数目多，缺牙间隙长

B.基托下黏膜松软，移动度大

C.卡环与基牙牙冠表面接触面大，卡环刚性大

D.牙槽嵴丰满

E.义齿欠稳定，咬合不平衡

（25分）阅读材料，回答问题。

材料一 随着科技和产业革命的进步，对知识产品的占有、使用会带来极大的经济收益已逐渐成为人们的共识。然而，技术的转移、公开势必会使原先的发明创造者丧失竞争优势，这就需要建立一种机制，以确保既能维持新技术发明人的技术优势，又能满足社会对该技术的需要，防止技术垄断。于是，知识产权制度中的专利制度率先应运而生。

19世纪中后期，各国逐渐认识到知识产权在促进本国经济、文化的发展和科学技术进步方面的重要作用，纷纷通过知识产权立法保护知识产权。这堪称知识产权制度上的又一次飞跃。从19世纪末开始，有关知识产权的国际多边公约、地区公约或双边协定纷纷出台，其中1883年签订的巴黎公约和1886年签订的伯尔尼公约成为知识产权领域国际保护制度的基本法律框架。知识产权保护从此呈现国际化的特点，而且知识产权保护和协调的国际化趋势愈来愈明显。特别是进入20世纪70年代以来，随着各国在经济、科学、技术、文化领域交流与合作的不断扩大，知识产权的国际化又迈上了一个新台阶。

由于科技的进步，人类智能产物应受法律保护的日益增多，知识产权的范围也逐渐扩大。例如受保护对象又增加了版面设计、计算机软件、专有技术等等，而且还在增加。

材料二 中国的知识产权保护特别是专利制度在改革开放中不断发展，取得了一定的成就。1992年和2000年中国政府对专利法进行了两次修改，进一步明确了促进科技进步和创新的立法宗旨，强化了专利司法和行政执法力度；各省、自治区、直辖市结合本地实际制定了一系列有关专利保护、专利管理等方面的地方性法规。1998年国务院机构改革，在大量压缩编制、精减机构的情况下，将中国专利局更名为国家知识产权局，并作为国务院直属机构，列入政府行政序列；在省级政府机构改革中，各地管理专利工作机构的建设总体得到加强，出现了政府主导、管理专利工作的部门会同有关部门共同推动专利工作的良好局面。“九五”期间，中国受理的专利申请量比“八五”期间增长了81%，年均增长15．7%；截止2000年底，法院和管理专利工作的部门共受理和处理专利纠纷案和侵权案1．5万件，管理专利工作的部门还查处冒充专利行为4000多件。中国已参加了有关专利方面的国际公约，在国际舞台上发挥了积极的作用，提高了中国在国际知识产权保护领域中的声誉。

——摘自蒋志培《论知识产权的概念、历史发展及其法律保护的含义》

（1）根据材料一，分析知识产权制度产生和发展的原因，并指出19世纪中后期以后知识产权保护的基本特点。（12分）

（2）根据材料二，概括新时期中国在知识产权保护方面取得的成就。（8分）

（3）根据材料并结合所学知识，谈谈你对知识产权保护的认识。（5分）

阅读表达。

阅读下面短文回答问题(注意题后的字数要求)。

     In the United States,train transportation is unpopular compared with cars and airplanes. Most people

like traveling by car or by air.

     Officials of the United States Department of Transportation made a study in 2001. The study is about

how many miles Americans traveled by different means of transportation. They only studied trips longer

than 50 miles. The study showed that fifty-six percent of all miles were traveled in personal vehicle.

Forty-one percent were traveled in an airplane. Two percent were traveled in a bus. And less than one

percent of miles were traveled in a train.

     Amtrak is the national provider of train transportation in the United States. In the past ten years,the

number of its passengers has increased by eighteen percent. Although the number of passengers has

increased,it is still very small now. In countries such as France,Germany,or Japan,more people use trains.

     There are several reasons why many people __________________________.

     Firstly,Americans love to drive their own cars. On highways,cars can travel as fast as trains. These

highways connect all major cities in America. Secondly,many travelers like to be independent. When they

use their own cars they can decide when to travel. Thirdly,many buses travel between major cities. Bus

travel is less costly than train travel.

     In a huge country like the United States,cities are far away from each other. In some cases,travel

from one city to another by train may take more than a day. Airplanes can carry passengers over long

distances much faster. People who do not want to spend long time traveling by train decide to fly. For

these people saving time is the most important thing.

1. What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words. )

2. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?

It's convenient for people to decide the start-off time when they travel in their own cars. 

3. Please fill in the blank in the fourth paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete

    the sentence. ( Please answer within 10 words. )

4. What means of transportation do you like best when traveling,trains,cars,or planes? Why?

    (Please answer within 30 words)

5. Translate the underlined sentences in the last paragraph into Chinese. 

脑脊液外观呈毛玻璃样混浊的疾病是（）

A.化脓性脑膜炎

B.结核性脑膜炎

C.病毒性脑膜炎

D.蛛网膜下腔出血

E.流行性乙型脑炎

翰林图画院